Determinants of therapy failure among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Asmara, Eritrea: a multicenter retrospective matched case-control study

• Published in: BMC infectious diseases 2022-11, Vol.22 (1), p.834-14, Article 834
• Main Authors: Mengistu, Samuel Tekle, Ghebremeskel, Ghirmay Ghebrekidan, Ghebrat, Hermon Berhe, Achila, Oliver Okoth, Yohannes, Nahom Asmerom, Ghebrenegus, Amon Solomon, Wendmhuney, Filmon Ghebretsadik, Yeibyo, Naod, Andegiorgish, Amanuel Kidane, Mesfin, Araia Berhane, Leake, Negassi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abacavir; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Adult; Adults; AIDS; Anti-HIV Agents - adverse effects; Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use; Antiretroviral agents; Antiretroviral drugs; Antiretroviral therapy; Case-Control Studies; CD4+ cell count; Comorbidity; Confidence intervals; Data collection; Drug resistance; Drug therapy; Emtricitabine; Emtricitabine - therapeutic use; Epidemics; Eritrea; Failure; Failure analysis; Female; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV; HIV infection; HIV Infections - drug therapy; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Immobilization; Infectious diseases; Lamivudine; Lamivudine - therapeutic use; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Multivariate analysis; Mutation; Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; Optimization; Patient outcomes; Patients; Prophylaxis; Regression analysis; Retrospective Studies; Risk analysis; Risk factors; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; Statistical analysis; Statistics; Stavudine; Stavudine - therapeutic use; Tenofovir; Therapy; Treatment failure; Viral Load; Zidovudine
• ISSN: 1471-2334; 1471-2334
• DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07797-2

Information on treatment failure (TF) in People living with HIV in a data-poor setting is necessary to counter the epidemic of TF with first-line combined antiretroviral therapies (cART) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this study, we examined the risk factors associated with TF in Asmara, Eritrea from 2001 to 2020. A multicenter, retrospective 1:2 matched (by age and gender) case-control study was conducted in four major hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea on adults aged ≥ 18 years who were on treatment for at least 6 months. Cases were patients who fulfills at least one of the WHO therapy failure criterion during the study period. Controls were randomly selected patients on first-line treatment and plasma viral load