Does aversion to insects affect insecticide use? An elusive answer calls for improved methods in biophobia research

• Published in: People and nature (Hoboken, N.J.) N.J.), 2024-06, Vol.6 (3), p.1001-1014
• Main Authors: Gish, Moshe, Hisano, Masumi, Soga, Masashi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Aquatic insects; arachnophobia; Arthropoda; Arthropods; Aversion; biophobia; Coping; Data analysis; ecological knowledge; Emotions; entomophobia; extinction of experience; False alarms; Fear & phobias; fear of insects; Households; Human-environment relationship; Hypotheses; Insect control; Insecticides; Insects; Nature; pesticide exposure; Smoke detectors; Surveys; the vicious cycle of biophobia; Urbanization
• ISSN: 2575-8314; 2575-8314
• DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10585

Insecticides are commonly used to control insects and other arthropods in homes (hereafter collectively referred to as ‘insects’). Although aversion to insects might encourage the use of insecticides, it is unclear whether such feelings truly influence the decision to use insecticides. We investigated the connection between feelings of disgust towards insects and the use of household insecticides. Our aim was to uncover the unexplored emotional drivers of insecticide use, in order to provide insights that might help develop new programmes to reduce exposure to household insecticides. We conducted an online survey (n = 2500) that focussed on insecticide use and disgust feelings towards six species commonly found in homes (cockroaches, ants, spiders, mosquitoes, flies and centipedes). Respondents rated their level of disgust towards these species and reported various beliefs and practices related to household insects and insect control. Approximately 70% of respondents expressed strong disgust towards these species (ratings of 6 or 7 on a scale of 1–7). More than half (53.3%) reported using aerosol insecticides in their homes in the 6 months prior to the survey. Path analyses highlighted several factors that influenced insecticide use, including infestation level, disgust intensity, lack of knowledge about arthropods and aversion to chemicals. However, the observed effect sizes were modest, particularly regarding the influence of disgust on insecticide use, which somewhat constrains our study's contribution to the understanding of the motivators driving household insecticide use. We explain how our findings potentially reflect a critical methodological limitation in the standard methods commonly used for measuring aversion in biophobia (fear of nature) research. This limitation originates from the fact that highly aversive animals often provoke extreme reactions from most participants, resulting in a very low data variation that hinders data analysis. We address this concern in the context of our findings and propose potential solutions that could pave the way for future research on how attitudes towards highly aversive animals affect individuals, society, and the relationships between people and nature. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. 要旨 殺虫剤は、屋内の昆虫やその他の節足動物(以下、まとめて「昆虫」と呼ぶ)を防除するために広く使われている。殺虫剤の使用は、昆虫に対する嫌悪感によって駆動されている可能性があるが、その効果は分かっていない。 我々は、昆虫に対する嫌悪感と家庭用殺虫剤の使用程度の関係を調べた。殺虫剤使用に影響する要因を明らかにすることで、殺虫剤への曝露を減らすための政策・取り組みの