Characterizing Antimicrobial Resistance in Chicken Pathogens: A Step towards Improved Antimicrobial Stewardship in Poultry Production in Vietnam

In the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, farmers use large quantities of antimicrobials to raise small-scale chicken flocks, often including active ingredients regarded of “critical importance’” by the World Health Organization. Due to limitations in laboratory capacity, the choice of antimicrobials normally...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antibiotics (Basel) 2020-08, Vol.9 (8), p.499
Main Authors: Yen, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Nhung, Nguyen Thi, Van, Nguyen Thi Bich, Cuong, Nguyen Van, Kiet, Bach Tuan, Phu, Doan Hoang, Hien, Vo Be, Campbell, James, Chansiripornchai, Niwat, E. Thwaites, Guy, Carrique-Mas, Juan J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Advisors
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
bacteria
Bacterial infections
Breakpoints
chicken pathogens
Chickens
Communication
Dilution
diseases
Doxycycline
Drug resistance
Drug resistance in microorganisms
E coli
Epidemiology
Farmers
Health aspects
Infections
Investigations
Laboratories
minimal inhibitory concentration
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Mortality
Observations
Oxytetracycline
Pathogenic microorganisms
Pathogens
Poultry
Poultry production
Veterinary medicine
Vietnam
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Summary:In the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, farmers use large quantities of antimicrobials to raise small-scale chicken flocks, often including active ingredients regarded of “critical importance’” by the World Health Organization. Due to limitations in laboratory capacity, the choice of antimicrobials normally does not follow any empirical criteria of effectiveness. The aim of this study was to highlight non-critically important antimicrobials against which chicken pathogens are likely to be susceptible as a basis for treatment guidelines. Microtiter broth dilution method was performed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12 commonly used antimicrobials for 58 isolates, including Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) (n = 22), Gallibacterium anatis (n = 19), and Avibacterium endocarditidis (n = 17). Unfortunately, internationally accepted breakpoints for resistance in these organisms do not exist. We drew tentative epidemiological cut-offs (TECOFFs) for those antimicrobial-pathogen combinations where MIC distributions suggested the presence of a distinct non-wild-type population. Based on the observed results, doxycycline would be the drug of choice for A.endocarditidis (11.8% presumptive non-wild type) and G. anatis infections (5.3% presumptive non-wild type). A total of 13.6% ORT isolates were non-wild type with regards to oxytetracycline, making it the drug of choice against this pathogen. This study illustrates the challenges in interpreting susceptibility testing results and the need to establish internationally accepted breakpoints for veterinary pathogens.
ISSN:2079-6382
2079-6382
DOI:10.3390/antibiotics9080499