Galectin-9 expression clinically associated with mature dendritic cells infiltration and T cell immune response in colorectal cancer

Galectin-9 is a member of the galectin family and has been reported to have a tumor-promoting or antitumor effect in response to the immune microenvironment. However, the immunomodulatory effect of galectin-9 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The antigen presentation and antitumor immune e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BMC cancer 2022-12, Vol.22 (1), p.1319-1319, Article 1319
Main Authors: Wang, Yang, Zheng, Ruizhi, Zhang, Yanhui, Guo, Yuhong, Hui, Zhenzhen, Wang, Peijing, Sun, Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Antigen presentation
Antigens
Antitumor activity
Bioinformatics
Care and treatment
CD3 antigen
CD8 antigen
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal carcinoma
Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology
Dendritic cells
Dendritic Cells - metabolism
Diagnosis
Galectin-9
Galectins - metabolism
Gene expression
Genetic aspects
Humans
Immune response
Immune response (cell-mediated)
Immunity
Immunohistochemistry
Immunomodulation
Immunotherapy
Infiltration
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Medical prognosis
Metastases
Microenvironments
Mismatch repair
Mismatch repair-proficient
MLH1 protein
MSH2 protein
MSH6 protein
Patient outcomes
Patients
Protein expression
Proteins
Testing
Tumor Microenvironment
Tumors
Variance analysis
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Summary:Galectin-9 is a member of the galectin family and has been reported to have a tumor-promoting or antitumor effect in response to the immune microenvironment. However, the immunomodulatory effect of galectin-9 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The antigen presentation and antitumor immune effects of galectin-9 in CRC were examined in this study. The expression of galectin-9, dendritic cell markers (CD208 and CD1a), T-cell markers (CD3 and CD8) and mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6) was assessed using immunohistochemistry in CRC samples. The correlation between galectin-9 and immune cells or immunomodulatory factors was also evaluated via multiple gene expression databases. The level of galectin-9 was decreased in mismatch repair-proficient patients compared with mismatch repair-deficient patients (p = 0.0335). GSEA showed that the regulatory mechanism of galectin-9 in CRC was related to a variety of immune pathways. Galectin-9 expression was strongly correlated with immune cell infiltration and immunomodulators (all p 
ISSN:1471-2407
1471-2407
DOI:10.1186/s12885-022-10435-4