The carbonate system and air-sea CO2 fluxes in coastal and open-ocean waters of the Macaronesia

The CO 2 system, anthropogenic carbon (C ant ) inventory and air-sea CO 2 fluxes (FCO 2 ) were analysed in the archipelagic waters of the Macaronesian region. The (sub)surface data were collected during POS533 (February and March, 2019) in coastal areas leeward of Cape Verde (CV), Canary Islands (CA...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in Marine Science 2023-02, Vol.10
Main Authors: Curbelo-Hernández, David, González-Dávila, Melchor, Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
air-sea CO2 fluxes
anthropogenic carbon
Anthropogenic factors
Archipelagoes
Biogeochemistry
Biological activity
Biological production
Carbon
Carbon dioxide
Carbonates
CO2 system
coastal and shelf waters
Coastal zone
Coasts
Inorganic carbon
Macaronesian region
Mixed layer
Mixed layer depth
Ocean circulation
Organic carbon
Storage
Temperature
Upper ocean
Uptake
Upwelling
Variability
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Summary:The CO 2 system, anthropogenic carbon (C ant ) inventory and air-sea CO 2 fluxes (FCO 2 ) were analysed in the archipelagic waters of the Macaronesian region. The (sub)surface data were collected during POS533 (February and March, 2019) in coastal areas leeward of Cape Verde (CV), Canary Islands (CA) and Madeira (MA) and through the vessel track. The CO 2 variability was controlled by changes in temperature, biological activity and advection processes forced by spatial heterogeneities in the Canary Upwelling System, the mixed layer depth, the mesoscale activity and the circulation patterns. The surface f CO 2,sw variability was driven by biological production and CO 2 -rich water injection in tropical waters and by temperature fluctuations in subtropical waters. The factors controlling the upper ocean changes in the total inorganic carbon normalized to a constant salinity (NC T ) were assessed. The uptake and storage of anthropogenic carbon, calculated by using the TrOCA 2007 approach described, as an upper limit, > 60% (>90% above the MLD) of the NC T increase from preformed values. The organic carbon pump accounted 36.6-40.9% for tropical waters and lose importance for subtropical waters (7.5-11.6%), while the carbonate pump has a minimal contribution (
ISSN:2296-7745
2296-7745
DOI:10.3389/fmars.2023.1094250