COVID-19 Infection Detection and Prevention by SARS-CoV-2 Active Antigens: A Synthetic Vaccine Approach

COVID-19, a global pandemic causing to date more than 50 million cases and more than a million deaths, has to be controlled. SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) was identified as the causative agent. Controversy about this virus origin and infectious mechanism for adapting t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccines (Basel) 2020-11, Vol.8 (4), p.692
Main Authors: Lozano, José Manuel, Salazar, Luz Mary, Torres, Ángela, Arévalo-Jamaica, Adriana, Franco-Muñoz, Carlos, Mercado-Reyes, Marcela, Aristizabal, Fabio Ancizar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
antigen design
Antigen processing
Antigens
Bioinformatics
Communication
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Endoplasmic reticulum
Gene expression
Genomes
Glycoproteins
Haplotypes
Histocompatibility antigen HLA
Human populations
Immune response
Immune response (humoral)
Immune system
Major histocompatibility complex
Molecular weight
Pandemics
Polymers
Polypeptides
Proteins
Respiratory diseases
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
RNA viruses
SARS-CoV-2
Sequences
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
synthetic-vaccine candidate
Vaccines
Viral diseases
Viruses
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Summary:COVID-19, a global pandemic causing to date more than 50 million cases and more than a million deaths, has to be controlled. SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) was identified as the causative agent. Controversy about this virus origin and infectious mechanism for adapting to humans remains a matter for discussion. Among all strategies for obtaining safe and potent vaccines, approaches based on attenuated-killed virus and non-replicating RNA viral vectors are demonstrating promising results. However, specificity of viral components targeted by human antibodies so far has not been demonstrated. A consistent strategy for obtaining functional-active antigens from SARS-CoV-2 specific ligands lead us to propose and test a number of synthetic components. From hundreds of starting sequences only fifteen fulfilled the design requirements and were produced as monomer and polymer forms and immuno-chemically tested. The design was based on worldwide representative reported virus genomes. A bioinformatics scheme by conventional methods and knowledge on MHC-I and II antigen processing mechanisms and HLA haplotype-restriction was performed including sensitive and resistant human populations to virus infection. Covid-19 patients' sera reactivity for synthetic SARS-CoV-2-designed components have proven a high recognition of specific molecules, as well as some evidence for a long-lasting humoral immune response.
ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines8040692