Positivity rate, trend and associated risk factors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among HIV-exposed infants

• Published in: BMC pediatrics 2023-06, Vol.23 (1), p.283-283, Article 283
• Main Authors: Gutema, Gadissa, Tola, Habteyes Hailu, Fikadu, Dinka, Leta, Dereje, Bejiga, Birra, Tura, Jaleta Bulti, Abdella, Saro, Mamo, Hassen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accreditation; Age; Analysis; Babies; Breastfeeding & lactation; Children & youth; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data analysis; Diagnosis; Disease prevention; Disease transmission; Early Infant Diagnosis; Female; Health aspects; HIV; HIV infection; HIV infection in children; HIV Infections - diagnosis; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Infections - epidemiology; HIV-exposed infants; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficient virus; Humans; Infant; Infants; Infections; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - prevention & control; Laboratories; Male; Medical diagnosis; Mothers; MTCT; Pediatrics; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - diagnosis; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - drug therapy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology; Pregnant women; Risk Factors; Trends; Variables; Womens health
• ISSN: 1471-2431; 1471-2431
• DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04074-2

Mother-To-Child-Transmission (MTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) occurs during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding, and cause infection among several new-borns. However, there is limited recent evidence on the burden of MTCT of HIV in Ethiopia from a large-scale data. Thus, this study aimed to determine the positivity rate, trend and associated risk factors of MTCT among HIV-exposed infants. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5,679 infants whose specimen referred to Ethiopian Public Health Institute HIV referral laboratory for Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) from January 01, 2016, to December 31, 2020. Data were extracted from the national EID database. Frequencies and percentages were used to summarize the data on characteristics of infants. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with positivity rate of MTCT of HIV. Level of significance was set at 5%. The mean age of the infants was 12.6 (± 14.6) weeks with an age range of 4 to 72 weeks. Half of the infants (51.4%) were female. The positivity rate of MTCT decreased from 2.9% in 2016 to 0.9% in 2020 with five-year average positivity rate of 2.6%. HIV test after six weeks (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.8-4.0,)); p