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Clinical impact of cancer cachexia on the outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with PD-L1 tumor proportion scores of ≥50% receiving pembrolizumab monotherapy versus immune checkpoint inhibitor with chemotherapy
This retrospective, multicenter cohort study aimed to determine whether cancer cachexia serves as a biomarker for determining the most effective treatment for patients having non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression treated with immune checkpoint inhi...
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| Published in: | Oncoimmunology 2025-12, Vol.14 (1), p.2442116 |
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| creator | Kawachi, Hayato Yamada, Tadaaki Tamiya, Motohiro Negi, Yoshiki Kijima, Takashi Goto, Yasuhiro Nakao, Akira Shiotsu, Shinsuke Tanimura, Keiko Takeda, Takayuki Okada, Asuka Harada, Taishi Date, Koji Chihara, Yusuke Hasegawa, Isao Tamiya, Nobuyo Katayama, Yuki Nishioka, Naoya Morimoto, Kenji Iwasaku, Masahiro Tokuda, Shinsaku Shimose, Takayuki Takayama, Koichi |
| description | This retrospective, multicenter cohort study aimed to determine whether cancer cachexia serves as a biomarker for determining the most effective treatment for patients having non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone or combined with chemotherapy (ICI/chemotherapy). We included 411 patients with advanced NSCLC with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of ≥50%. The patients were treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy or ICI/chemotherapy. Cancer cachexia was defined as a weight loss of >5% of the total body weight or a body mass index of 2% within 6 months before starting treatment. Eighty-five (21%) patients met the cancer cachexia criteria. Overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in patients with cachexia than in those without cachexia in both the pembrolizumab monotherapy group (17.2 vs. 35.8 months,
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1080/2162402X.2024.2442116 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_3c62fc7030a24ae79b03fb27a3d1b7e9</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_3c62fc7030a24ae79b03fb27a3d1b7e9</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>3146914295</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c309t-77f6247f8216e4baf40733a678b0490acb0b86bdc1681d8c537e16a80d3cae83</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpVkstu1DAUhiMEolXpI4C8QWKTwZckTlYIlVulkWDRBTvLdk5mXGI72M5AeQMehBeDF8HpzFStF7Z1Lt85Pv6L4jnBK4Jb_JqShlaYfl1RTKsVrSpKSPOoOF3s5eJ4fO9-UpzHeI3zanDdsO5pccK6piWsq0-LfxejcUbLERk7SZ2QH5CWTkPIh97CTyORdyhtAfk5aW9hiZhkMuBSRD9M2iLnXRmtHEekIW_j7DZHxq3_y7tyTVCarQ9oCn7yIZnMjNoHiAvu7-8_NX6JAmgwO5OzJ7Aq-NH8mq1UyHrncwNBTjdoByHOMTdrZwcoN6i_Td64hIzbGmWSP9TMHntMelY8GeQY4fxwnhVXH95fXXwq158_Xl68XZea4S6VnA95qnxo8-SgUnKoMGdMNrxVuOqw1AqrtlG9Jnl4fatrxoE0ssU90xJadlZc7rG9l9diCsbKcCO8NOLW4MNGyPxyPYJguqGD5phhSSsJvFOYDYpyyXqiOHSZ9WbPmmZlodd52EGOD6APPc5sxcbvRNZBTSivM-HVgRD89xliEtbE5X-kAz9HwUjVdKSi3RJa70N18DEGGO7qECwWvYmj3sSiN3HQW857cb_Ju6yjuth_2iDYbg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3146914295</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Clinical impact of cancer cachexia on the outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with PD-L1 tumor proportion scores of ≥50% receiving pembrolizumab monotherapy versus immune checkpoint inhibitor with chemotherapy</title><source>PubMed Central (Open access)</source><source>Taylor & Francis (Open access)</source><creator>Kawachi, Hayato ; Yamada, Tadaaki ; Tamiya, Motohiro ; Negi, Yoshiki ; Kijima, Takashi ; Goto, Yasuhiro ; Nakao, Akira ; Shiotsu, Shinsuke ; Tanimura, Keiko ; Takeda, Takayuki ; Okada, Asuka ; Harada, Taishi ; Date, Koji ; Chihara, Yusuke ; Hasegawa, Isao ; Tamiya, Nobuyo ; Katayama, Yuki ; Nishioka, Naoya ; Morimoto, Kenji ; Iwasaku, Masahiro ; Tokuda, Shinsaku ; Shimose, Takayuki ; Takayama, Koichi</creator><creatorcontrib>Kawachi, Hayato ; Yamada, Tadaaki ; Tamiya, Motohiro ; Negi, Yoshiki ; Kijima, Takashi ; Goto, Yasuhiro ; Nakao, Akira ; Shiotsu, Shinsuke ; Tanimura, Keiko ; Takeda, Takayuki ; Okada, Asuka ; Harada, Taishi ; Date, Koji ; Chihara, Yusuke ; Hasegawa, Isao ; Tamiya, Nobuyo ; Katayama, Yuki ; Nishioka, Naoya ; Morimoto, Kenji ; Iwasaku, Masahiro ; Tokuda, Shinsaku ; Shimose, Takayuki ; Takayama, Koichi</creatorcontrib><description>This retrospective, multicenter cohort study aimed to determine whether cancer cachexia serves as a biomarker for determining the most effective treatment for patients having non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone or combined with chemotherapy (ICI/chemotherapy). We included 411 patients with advanced NSCLC with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of ≥50%. The patients were treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy or ICI/chemotherapy. Cancer cachexia was defined as a weight loss of >5% of the total body weight or a body mass index of <20 kg/m
coupled with an additional weight loss of >2% within 6 months before starting treatment. Eighty-five (21%) patients met the cancer cachexia criteria. Overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in patients with cachexia than in those without cachexia in both the pembrolizumab monotherapy group (17.2 vs. 35.8 months,
< 0.001) and the ICI/chemotherapy group (27.0 months vs. not reached,
= 0.044). However, after stratifying by cancer cachexia status, no significant difference in OS was observed between the pembrolizumab monotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy groups, regardless of cachexia. In conclusion, ICI/chemotherapy offers limited benefits for NSCLC patients with high PD-L1 expression and concurrent cancer cachexia. Considering the frailty associated with cachexia, ICI monotherapy may be preferred to ICI/chemotherapy for these patients. New interventions that can better address the negative prognostic impact of cachexia in patients treated using ICIs with or without chemotherapy remain warranted.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2162-402X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2162-4011</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2162-402X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/2162402X.2024.2442116</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39681395</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Taylor & Francis</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - adverse effects ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use ; B7-H1 Antigen - antagonists & inhibitors ; B7-H1 Antigen - metabolism ; Cachexia - etiology ; Cancer cachexia ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - complications ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - mortality ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - pathology ; combination therapy ; Female ; Humans ; immune checkpoint inhibitor ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - administration & dosage ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - adverse effects ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use ; Lung Neoplasms - complications ; Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms - mortality ; Lung Neoplasms - pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; non-small cell lung cancer ; Original Research ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome</subject><ispartof>Oncoimmunology, 2025-12, Vol.14 (1), p.2442116</ispartof><rights>2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 2024 The Author(s)</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c309t-77f6247f8216e4baf40733a678b0490acb0b86bdc1681d8c537e16a80d3cae83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651275/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651275/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39681395$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kawachi, Hayato</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamada, Tadaaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tamiya, Motohiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Negi, Yoshiki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kijima, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goto, Yasuhiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakao, Akira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shiotsu, Shinsuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanimura, Keiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takeda, Takayuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okada, Asuka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harada, Taishi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Date, Koji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chihara, Yusuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hasegawa, Isao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tamiya, Nobuyo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katayama, Yuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nishioka, Naoya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morimoto, Kenji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iwasaku, Masahiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tokuda, Shinsaku</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shimose, Takayuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takayama, Koichi</creatorcontrib><title>Clinical impact of cancer cachexia on the outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with PD-L1 tumor proportion scores of ≥50% receiving pembrolizumab monotherapy versus immune checkpoint inhibitor with chemotherapy</title><title>Oncoimmunology</title><addtitle>Oncoimmunology</addtitle><description>This retrospective, multicenter cohort study aimed to determine whether cancer cachexia serves as a biomarker for determining the most effective treatment for patients having non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone or combined with chemotherapy (ICI/chemotherapy). We included 411 patients with advanced NSCLC with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of ≥50%. The patients were treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy or ICI/chemotherapy. Cancer cachexia was defined as a weight loss of >5% of the total body weight or a body mass index of <20 kg/m
coupled with an additional weight loss of >2% within 6 months before starting treatment. Eighty-five (21%) patients met the cancer cachexia criteria. Overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in patients with cachexia than in those without cachexia in both the pembrolizumab monotherapy group (17.2 vs. 35.8 months,
< 0.001) and the ICI/chemotherapy group (27.0 months vs. not reached,
= 0.044). However, after stratifying by cancer cachexia status, no significant difference in OS was observed between the pembrolizumab monotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy groups, regardless of cachexia. In conclusion, ICI/chemotherapy offers limited benefits for NSCLC patients with high PD-L1 expression and concurrent cancer cachexia. Considering the frailty associated with cachexia, ICI monotherapy may be preferred to ICI/chemotherapy for these patients. New interventions that can better address the negative prognostic impact of cachexia in patients treated using ICIs with or without chemotherapy remain warranted.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - adverse effects</subject><subject>Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - adverse effects</subject><subject>Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use</subject><subject>B7-H1 Antigen - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>B7-H1 Antigen - metabolism</subject><subject>Cachexia - etiology</subject><subject>Cancer cachexia</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - complications</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - mortality</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - pathology</subject><subject>combination therapy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>immune checkpoint inhibitor</subject><subject>Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - adverse effects</subject><subject>Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Lung Neoplasms - complications</subject><subject>Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy</subject><subject>Lung Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Lung Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>non-small cell lung cancer</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><issn>2162-402X</issn><issn>2162-4011</issn><issn>2162-402X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2025</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkstu1DAUhiMEolXpI4C8QWKTwZckTlYIlVulkWDRBTvLdk5mXGI72M5AeQMehBeDF8HpzFStF7Z1Lt85Pv6L4jnBK4Jb_JqShlaYfl1RTKsVrSpKSPOoOF3s5eJ4fO9-UpzHeI3zanDdsO5pccK6piWsq0-LfxejcUbLERk7SZ2QH5CWTkPIh97CTyORdyhtAfk5aW9hiZhkMuBSRD9M2iLnXRmtHEekIW_j7DZHxq3_y7tyTVCarQ9oCn7yIZnMjNoHiAvu7-8_NX6JAmgwO5OzJ7Aq-NH8mq1UyHrncwNBTjdoByHOMTdrZwcoN6i_Td64hIzbGmWSP9TMHntMelY8GeQY4fxwnhVXH95fXXwq158_Xl68XZea4S6VnA95qnxo8-SgUnKoMGdMNrxVuOqw1AqrtlG9Jnl4fatrxoE0ssU90xJadlZc7rG9l9diCsbKcCO8NOLW4MNGyPxyPYJguqGD5phhSSsJvFOYDYpyyXqiOHSZ9WbPmmZlodd52EGOD6APPc5sxcbvRNZBTSivM-HVgRD89xliEtbE5X-kAz9HwUjVdKSi3RJa70N18DEGGO7qECwWvYmj3sSiN3HQW857cb_Ju6yjuth_2iDYbg</recordid><startdate>202512</startdate><enddate>202512</enddate><creator>Kawachi, Hayato</creator><creator>Yamada, Tadaaki</creator><creator>Tamiya, Motohiro</creator><creator>Negi, Yoshiki</creator><creator>Kijima, Takashi</creator><creator>Goto, Yasuhiro</creator><creator>Nakao, Akira</creator><creator>Shiotsu, Shinsuke</creator><creator>Tanimura, Keiko</creator><creator>Takeda, Takayuki</creator><creator>Okada, Asuka</creator><creator>Harada, Taishi</creator><creator>Date, Koji</creator><creator>Chihara, Yusuke</creator><creator>Hasegawa, Isao</creator><creator>Tamiya, Nobuyo</creator><creator>Katayama, Yuki</creator><creator>Nishioka, Naoya</creator><creator>Morimoto, Kenji</creator><creator>Iwasaku, Masahiro</creator><creator>Tokuda, Shinsaku</creator><creator>Shimose, Takayuki</creator><creator>Takayama, Koichi</creator><general>Taylor & Francis</general><general>Taylor & Francis Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202512</creationdate><title>Clinical impact of cancer cachexia on the outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with PD-L1 tumor proportion scores of ≥50% receiving pembrolizumab monotherapy versus immune checkpoint inhibitor with chemotherapy</title><author>Kawachi, Hayato ; Yamada, Tadaaki ; Tamiya, Motohiro ; Negi, Yoshiki ; Kijima, Takashi ; Goto, Yasuhiro ; Nakao, Akira ; Shiotsu, Shinsuke ; Tanimura, Keiko ; Takeda, Takayuki ; Okada, Asuka ; Harada, Taishi ; Date, Koji ; Chihara, Yusuke ; Hasegawa, Isao ; Tamiya, Nobuyo ; Katayama, Yuki ; Nishioka, Naoya ; Morimoto, Kenji ; Iwasaku, Masahiro ; Tokuda, Shinsaku ; Shimose, Takayuki ; Takayama, Koichi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c309t-77f6247f8216e4baf40733a678b0490acb0b86bdc1681d8c537e16a80d3cae83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2025</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Oncoimmunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kawachi, Hayato</au><au>Yamada, Tadaaki</au><au>Tamiya, Motohiro</au><au>Negi, Yoshiki</au><au>Kijima, Takashi</au><au>Goto, Yasuhiro</au><au>Nakao, Akira</au><au>Shiotsu, Shinsuke</au><au>Tanimura, Keiko</au><au>Takeda, Takayuki</au><au>Okada, Asuka</au><au>Harada, Taishi</au><au>Date, Koji</au><au>Chihara, Yusuke</au><au>Hasegawa, Isao</au><au>Tamiya, Nobuyo</au><au>Katayama, Yuki</au><au>Nishioka, Naoya</au><au>Morimoto, Kenji</au><au>Iwasaku, Masahiro</au><au>Tokuda, Shinsaku</au><au>Shimose, Takayuki</au><au>Takayama, Koichi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Clinical impact of cancer cachexia on the outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with PD-L1 tumor proportion scores of ≥50% receiving pembrolizumab monotherapy versus immune checkpoint inhibitor with chemotherapy</atitle><jtitle>Oncoimmunology</jtitle><addtitle>Oncoimmunology</addtitle><date>2025-12</date><risdate>2025</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>2442116</spage><pages>2442116-</pages><issn>2162-402X</issn><issn>2162-4011</issn><eissn>2162-402X</eissn><abstract>This retrospective, multicenter cohort study aimed to determine whether cancer cachexia serves as a biomarker for determining the most effective treatment for patients having non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone or combined with chemotherapy (ICI/chemotherapy). We included 411 patients with advanced NSCLC with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of ≥50%. The patients were treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy or ICI/chemotherapy. Cancer cachexia was defined as a weight loss of >5% of the total body weight or a body mass index of <20 kg/m
coupled with an additional weight loss of >2% within 6 months before starting treatment. Eighty-five (21%) patients met the cancer cachexia criteria. Overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in patients with cachexia than in those without cachexia in both the pembrolizumab monotherapy group (17.2 vs. 35.8 months,
< 0.001) and the ICI/chemotherapy group (27.0 months vs. not reached,
= 0.044). However, after stratifying by cancer cachexia status, no significant difference in OS was observed between the pembrolizumab monotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy groups, regardless of cachexia. In conclusion, ICI/chemotherapy offers limited benefits for NSCLC patients with high PD-L1 expression and concurrent cancer cachexia. Considering the frailty associated with cachexia, ICI monotherapy may be preferred to ICI/chemotherapy for these patients. New interventions that can better address the negative prognostic impact of cachexia in patients treated using ICIs with or without chemotherapy remain warranted.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis</pub><pmid>39681395</pmid><doi>10.1080/2162402X.2024.2442116</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2162-402X |
| ispartof | Oncoimmunology, 2025-12, Vol.14 (1), p.2442116 |
| issn | 2162-402X 2162-4011 2162-402X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_3c62fc7030a24ae79b03fb27a3d1b7e9 |
| source | PubMed Central (Open access); Taylor & Francis (Open access) |
| subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - administration & dosage Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - adverse effects Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - adverse effects Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use B7-H1 Antigen - antagonists & inhibitors B7-H1 Antigen - metabolism Cachexia - etiology Cancer cachexia Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - complications Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - mortality Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - pathology combination therapy Female Humans immune checkpoint inhibitor Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - administration & dosage Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - adverse effects Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use Lung Neoplasms - complications Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy Lung Neoplasms - mortality Lung Neoplasms - pathology Male Middle Aged non-small cell lung cancer Original Research Prognosis Retrospective Studies Treatment Outcome |
| title | Clinical impact of cancer cachexia on the outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with PD-L1 tumor proportion scores of ≥50% receiving pembrolizumab monotherapy versus immune checkpoint inhibitor with chemotherapy |
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