In Vitro Interactions of TiO2 Nanoparticles with Earthworm Coelomocytes: Immunotoxicity Assessment

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are manufactured worldwide. Once they arrive in the soil environment, they can endanger living organisms. Hence, monitoring and assessing the effects of these nanoparticles is required. We focus on the Eisenia andrei earthworm immune cells exposed to subleth...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-01, Vol.11 (1), p.250
Main Authors: Navarro Pacheco, Natividad Isabel, Roubalova, Radka, Semerad, Jaroslav, Grasserova, Alena, Benada, Oldrich, Kofronova, Olga, Cajthaml, Tomas, Dvorak, Jiri, Bilej, Martin, Prochazkova, Petra
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antioxidants
Apoptosis
Cell viability
coelomocyte
Coelomocytes
Defense mechanisms
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA damage
earthworm
Exposure
Flow cytometry
Gene expression
Immune system
Immunotoxicity
innate immunity
Kinases
lipid peroxidation
Malondialdehyde
MEK kinase
Metallothionein
Nanoparticles
Oxidative stress
Phagocytes
Pollutants
Reactive oxygen species
Scanning electron microscopy
Soil environment
TiO2 nanoparticles
Titanium
Titanium dioxide
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Summary:Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are manufactured worldwide. Once they arrive in the soil environment, they can endanger living organisms. Hence, monitoring and assessing the effects of these nanoparticles is required. We focus on the Eisenia andrei earthworm immune cells exposed to sublethal concentrations of TiO2 NPs (1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) for 2, 6, and 24 h. TiO2 NPs at all concentrations did not affect cell viability. Further, TiO2 NPs did not cause changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and phagocytic activity. Similarly, they did not elicit DNA damage. Overall, we did not detect any toxic effects of TiO2 NPs at the cellular level. At the gene expression level, slight changes were detected. Metallothionein, fetidin/lysenin, lumbricin and MEK kinase I were upregulated in coelomocytes after exposure to 10 µg/mL TiO2 NPs for 6 h. Antioxidant enzyme expression was similar in exposed and control cells. TiO2 NPs were detected on coelomocyte membranes. However, our results do not show any strong effects of these nanoparticles on coelomocytes at both the cellular and molecular levels.
ISSN:2079-4991
2079-4991
DOI:10.3390/nano11010250