Phytochemical fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity

• Published in: Scientific reports 2024-08, Vol.14 (1), p.19714-11
• Main Authors: Udayagiri, Hussain, Sana, Siva Sankar, Dogiparthi, Lakshman Kumar, Vadde, Ramakrishna, Varma, Rajender S., Koduru, Janardhan Reddy, Ghodake, Gajanan Sampatrao, Somala, Adinarayana Reddy, Boya, Vijaya Kumar Naidu, Kim, Seong-Cheol, Karri, Rama Rao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/61/54/990; 704/172/4081; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibacterial activity; Antibiofilm activity; Biofilms; Biofilms - drug effects; Chemical composition; E coli; Escherichia coli - drug effects; Fabrication; Flavonoids; Food preservation; Food selection; Fourier transforms; Green synthesis; Humanities and Social Sciences; Impurities; Infectious diseases; Infrared spectroscopy; Klebsiella pneumoniae - drug effects; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; multidisciplinary; Nanoparticles; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Phytochemicals - chemistry; Phytochemicals - pharmacology; Plant extracts; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Scanning electron microscopy; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectrum analysis; Transmission electron microscopy; X-Ray Diffraction; X-ray spectroscopy; Zinc oxide; Zinc Oxide - chemistry; Zinc Oxide - pharmacology; Zinc oxides; ZnO NPs
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69044-9

The synthesis of metal nanoparticles through bio-reduction is environmentally benign and devoid of impurities, which is very important for biological applications. This method aims to improve ZnO nanoparticle's antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity while reducing the amount of hazardous chemicals used in nanoparticle production. The assembly of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is presented via bio-reduction of an aqueous zinc nitrate solution using Echinochloacolona ( E. colona ) plant aqueous leaf extract comprising various phytochemical components such as phenols, flavonoids, proteins, and sugars. The synthesized nano ZnO NPs are characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elemental composition by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The formation of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by the absorbance at 360–370 nm in the UV–vis spectrum. The average crystal size of the particles was found to be 15.8 nm, as calculated from XRD. SEM and TEM analysis of prepared ZnO NPs confirmed the spherical and hexagonal shaped nanoparticles. ZnO NPs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with the largest zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 17 and 18 mm, respectively, from the disc diffusion method. Furthermore, ZnO NPs exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity in a dose-dependent manner against selected bacterial strains, thus suggesting that ZnO NPs can be deployed in the prevention of infectious diseases and also used in food preservation.