Flaviviral Replication Complex: Coordination between RNA Synthesis and 5'-RNA Capping

Genome replication in flavivirus requires (-) strand RNA synthesis, (+) strand RNA synthesis, and 51-RNA capping and methylation. To carry out viral genome replication, flavivirus assembles a replication complex, consisting of both viral and host proteins, on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2015-08, Vol.7 (8), p.4640-4656
Main Authors: Klema, Valerie J, Padmanabhan, Radhakrishnan, Choi, Kyung H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
5’-RNA capping
flavivirus
Flavivirus - genetics
Flavivirus - physiology
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Humans
NS3
NS5
Review
RNA Caps - biosynthesis
RNA Helicases - metabolism
RNA synthesis
RNA, Viral - biosynthesis
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Serine Endopeptidases - metabolism
Viral Nonstructural Proteins - metabolism
viral replication complex
Virus Replication
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Summary:Genome replication in flavivirus requires (-) strand RNA synthesis, (+) strand RNA synthesis, and 51-RNA capping and methylation. To carry out viral genome replication, flavivirus assembles a replication complex, consisting of both viral and host proteins, on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Two major components of the replication complex are the viral non-structural (NS) proteins NS3 and NS5. Together they possess all the enzymatic activities required for genome replication, yet how these activities are coordinated during genome replication is not clear. We provide an overview of the flaviviral genome replication process, the membrane-bound replication complex, and recent crystal structures of full-length NS5. We propose a model of how NS3 and NS5 coordinate their activities in the individual steps of (-) RNA synthesis, (+) RNA synthesis, and 51-RNA capping and methylation.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v7082837