Poor visual outcome and associated factors among patients underwent cataract surgery at Debre Markos and Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023

• Published in: BMC ophthalmology 2024-08, Vol.24 (1), p.366-11, Article 366
• Main Authors: Jemeberie, Haymanot Aynalem, Zeleke, Tarekegn Cheklie, Tegegn, Melkamu Temeselew
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acuity; Adult; Age; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis; Biometrics; Cataract; Cataract - complications; Cataract - epidemiology; Cataract Extraction; Cataract surgery; Cataracts; Cornea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data collection; Developing countries; Ethiopia; Ethiopia - epidemiology; Eye surgery; Female; Glaucoma; Hospitals; Hospitals, Special - statistics & numerical data; Humans; India; Intraocular lenses; LDCs; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Liberia; Macular degeneration; Malaysia; Male; Medical personnel; Medical records; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Middle Aged; Northwest Ethiopia; Nurses; Ophthalmology; Patient outcomes; Patients; Poor visual outcomes; Quality of life; Risk Factors; Sample size; Statistical analysis; Statistical sampling; Surgeons; Surgery; Surgical outcomes; Surveys; Surveys and Questionnaires; Visual acuity; Visual Acuity - physiology
• ISSN: 1471-2415; 1471-2415
• DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03629-w

This study aimed to determine the proportion of poor visual outcome and associated factors among adult patients who underwent cataract surgery at Debre Markos and Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in northwestern Ethiopia in 2023. A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 418 adult patients who had undergone cataract surgery from June 07 to August 07, 2023. Patients were recruited using systematic random sampling with an interval of 2. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, medical record review, and ophthalmologic examination were used to collect data. The collected data was entered into Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 25 software for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with poor visual outcomes of cataract surgery. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 in the multivariable binary logistic regression were considered statistically significant. A total of 408 study participants with a median age of 65 years and a response rate of 97.6% took part. The proportion of poor visual outcomes of cataract surgery from 4 weeks to one year was 25.7% (95%CI: 21.6%, 30.3%). Factors responsible for poor visual outcomes of cataract surgery were intraocular lens implantation without a posterior chamber (AOR = 2.91, 95%CI:1.46,5.80), per-existing central corneal opacity (AOR = 3.83, 95%CI:1.52,9.69), pseudoexfoliation (AOR = 3.91,95%CI:1.39,11.88), age-related macular degeneration(AOR = 3.75, 95%CI:1.22, 11.88), glaucoma (AOR = 3.11, 95%CI:1.06,9.17) and striate keratopathy(AOR = 3.4, 95%CI: 1.11, 10.88). In this study, the proportion of poor visual outcomes of cataract surgery is higher than the World Health Organization recommendation. The study found that implantation of an intraocular lens without a posterior chamber, pre-existing central corneal opacity, pre-existing age-related macular degeneration, pre-existing glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation, and striate keratopathy were significantly associated with poor visual outcomes of cataract surgery. We recommend that ophthalmologists and cataract surgeons prioritize the reduction of surgical complications and pre-existing ocular co-morbidities to enhance post-operative visual acuity. Improving pre-operative assessment and refining surgical techniques like phacoemulsification will aid in achieving this goal.