Protective Effects of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Against Cognitive Decline in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cognitive impairment is one of the major symptoms in most neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson (PD) and Huntington (HD) diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, there is no treatment to cure or prevent the progression of those diseases. Cogniti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 2020-07, Vol.14, p.221-221
Main Authors: Solés-Tarrés, Irene, Cabezas-Llobet, Núria, Vaudry, David, Xifró, Xavier
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Animal cognition
Apoptosis
Brain
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Cell death
Cellular Neuroscience
Central nervous system
Cerebral cortex
cognition
Cognitive ability
Dementia
Disease
Gene expression
Huntington's disease
Intestine
Memory
Movement disorders
Neostriatum
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurons
Neuropathology
Neuropeptides
PAC1
PAC1 protein
Parkinson's disease
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide
Polypeptides
Proteins
Rodents
Substantia nigra
Synaptic plasticity
Therapeutic applications
Vasoactive agents
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
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Summary:Cognitive impairment is one of the major symptoms in most neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson (PD) and Huntington (HD) diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, there is no treatment to cure or prevent the progression of those diseases. Cognitive impairment has been related to neuronal cell death and/or synaptic plasticity alteration in important brain regions, such as cerebral cortex, substantia nigra, striatum and hippocampus. Therefore, compounds that can act to protect the neuronal loss and/or to reestablish the synaptic activity are needed to prevent cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) are two highly related multifunctional neuropeptides widely distributed in the Central Nervous System. PACAP and VIP exert their action through two common receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, while PACAP has an additional specific receptor, PAC1. In this review we first presented evidences showing the therapeutic potential of PACAP and VIP to fight the cognitive decline observed in models of AD, PD and HD. We also reviewed the main transduction pathways activated by PACAP and VIP receptors to reduce cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, we identified the therapeutic targets of PACAP and VIP, and finally we evaluated different novel synthetic PACAP and VIP analogues as promising pharmacological tools.
ISSN:1662-5102
1662-5102
DOI:10.3389/fncel.2020.00221