Are Citizens Credentialist or Post-Nationalists? A Fuzzy-Eco Apostle Model Applied to National Identity

The debate on national identity has been receiving more attention from academics, social planners, and the public in recent years. This study aims to analyse citizens’ different national identity typologies using data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) in two waves: 2003 and 2013. T...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Mathematics (Basel) 2022-06, Vol.10 (12), p.1978-21
Main Authors: Indelicato, Alessandro, Martín, Juan Carlos
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Categories
Citizenship
civic identity
Cluster analysis
Clustering
credentialists
Cultural identity
Ethnic factors
ethnic identity
Ethnicity
extended eco apostle model
Factor analysis
fuzzy clustering analysis
Fuzzy sets
International Social Survey Program (ISSP)
ISSP 2003
ISSP 2013
Mathematics
Minority & ethnic violence
Mythology
National identity
nationale Identität
Nationalism
post-nationalists
Psychologie
Religion
Sozialpsychologie
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Summary:The debate on national identity has been receiving more attention from academics, social planners, and the public in recent years. This study aims to analyse citizens’ different national identity typologies using data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) in two waves: 2003 and 2013. The study is based on 10 countries for which the dimensions of the national identity construct are first examined through multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA). Then, a fuzzy hybrid approach is used to obtain two synthetic indicators for each dimension of national identity, namely ethnic and civic orientations. Then, a fuzzy clustering analysis is used to extend the Classical Apostle Model, obtaining 16 different national identity categories that expand the four Apostle categories denominated as credentialists, post-nationalists, ethnic-oriented and civic-oriented. The study ends by applying the Binary Probit Model to analyse whether some socioeconomic characteristics can partly explain the four pure national identity categories. Our results show that people seem to be increasingly credentialists. Furthermore, the civic–ethnic dichotomy of France–Germany is no longer confirmed, as Germans appear to be included in the civic-oriented national identity group.
ISSN:2227-7390
1475-4991
2227-7390
DOI:10.3390/math10121978