Apicoplast-Resident Processes: Exploiting the Chink in the Armour of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites

The discovery of a relict plastid, also known as an apicoplast (apicomplexan plastid), that houses housekeeping processes and metabolic pathways critical to Plasmodium parasites’ survival has prompted increased research on identifying potent inhibitors that can impinge on apicoplast-localised proces...

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Published in:Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences 2024-05, Vol.2024, p.9940468-17
Main Authors: Mamudu, Collins Ojonugwa, Tebamifor, Mercy Eyitomi, Sule, Mary Ohunene, Dokunmu, Titilope Modupe, Ogunlana, Olubanke Olujoke, Iheagwam, Franklyn Nonso
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiparasitic agents
Autophagy
Biosynthesis
Chloroplasts
DNA replication
Drug discovery
Endoplasmic reticulum
Fatty acids
Genes
Genetic engineering
Genetic transcription
Genomes
Heme
Kinases
Localization
Malaria
Metabolism
Metabolites
Parasites
Physiological aspects
Plasmodium falciparum
Plastids
Proteins
Protozoa
Review
RNA polymerase
Synthesis
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container_title Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences
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creator Mamudu, Collins Ojonugwa
Tebamifor, Mercy Eyitomi
Sule, Mary Ohunene
Dokunmu, Titilope Modupe
Ogunlana, Olubanke Olujoke
Iheagwam, Franklyn Nonso
description The discovery of a relict plastid, also known as an apicoplast (apicomplexan plastid), that houses housekeeping processes and metabolic pathways critical to Plasmodium parasites’ survival has prompted increased research on identifying potent inhibitors that can impinge on apicoplast-localised processes. The apicoplast is absent in humans, yet it is proposed to originate from the eukaryote’s secondary endosymbiosis of a primary symbiont. This symbiotic relationship provides a favourable microenvironment for metabolic processes such as haem biosynthesis, Fe-S cluster synthesis, isoprenoid biosynthesis, fatty acid synthesis, and housekeeping processes such as DNA replication, transcription, and translation, distinct from analogous mammalian processes. Recent advancements in comprehending the biology of the apicoplast reveal it as a vulnerable organelle for malaria parasites, offering numerous potential targets for effective antimalarial therapies. We provide an overview of the metabolic processes occurring in the apicoplast and discuss the organelle as a viable antimalarial target in light of current advances in drug discovery. We further highlighted the relevance of these metabolic processes to Plasmodium falciparum during the different stages of the lifecycle.
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source Publicly Available Content Database; Wiley Open Access Journals; PubMed Central
subjects Antiparasitic agents
Autophagy
Biosynthesis
Chloroplasts
DNA replication
Drug discovery
Endoplasmic reticulum
Fatty acids
Genes
Genetic engineering
Genetic transcription
Genomes
Heme
Kinases
Localization
Malaria
Metabolism
Metabolites
Parasites
Physiological aspects
Plasmodium falciparum
Plastids
Proteins
Protozoa
Review
RNA polymerase
Synthesis
title Apicoplast-Resident Processes: Exploiting the Chink in the Armour of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites
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