Spatial multi-omics analysis of the microenvironment in traumatic spinal cord injury: a narrative review

Traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a severe injury to the central nervous system that is categorized into primary and secondary injuries. Among them, the local microenvironmental imbalance in the spinal cord caused by secondary spinal cord injury includes accumulation of cytokines and chemokines...

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Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2024-08, Vol.15, p.1432841
Main Authors: Peng, Run, Zhang, Liang, Xie, Yongqi, Guo, Shuang, Cao, Xinqi, Yang, Mingliang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cellular Microenvironment - immunology
Genomics - methods
Humans
immune microenvironment
Immunology
Metabolomics - methods
microenvironment
Multiomics
Proteomics - methods
single cell
single cell RNA sequencing
Single-Cell Analysis
spatial multi-omics
spatial transcriptomics
Spinal Cord Injuries - immunology
Spinal Cord Injuries - metabolism
Transcriptome
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Summary:Traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a severe injury to the central nervous system that is categorized into primary and secondary injuries. Among them, the local microenvironmental imbalance in the spinal cord caused by secondary spinal cord injury includes accumulation of cytokines and chemokines, reduced angiogenesis, dysregulation of cellular energy metabolism, and dysfunction of immune cells at the site of injury, which severely impedes neurological recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI). In recent years, single-cell techniques have revealed the heterogeneity of multiple immune cells at the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels after tSCI, further deepening our understanding of the mechanisms underlying tSCI. However, spatial information about the tSCI microenvironment, such as cell location and cell-cell interactions, is lost in these approaches. The application of spatial multi-omics technology can solve this problem by combining the data obtained from immunohistochemistry and multiparametric analysis to reveal the changes in the microenvironment at different times of secondary injury after SCI. In this review, we systematically review the progress of spatial multi-omics techniques in the study of the microenvironment after SCI, including changes in the immune microenvironment and discuss potential future therapeutic strategies.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1432841