ID22 - the high-resolution powder-diffraction beamline at ESRF

• Published in: Journal of synchrotron radiation 2023-09, Vol.30 (5), p.1003-1012
• Main Authors: Fitch, Andrew, Dejoie, Catherine, Covacci, Ezio, Confalonieri, Giorgia, Grendal, Ola, Claustre, Laurent, Guillou, Perceval, Kieffer, Jérôme, de Nolf, Wout, Petitdemange, Sébastien, Ruat, Marie, Watier, Yves
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Angular resolution; Atmospheric corrosion; Beamlines; Diffraction; Distribution functions; Emittance; esrf; Function analysis; high resolution; pdf analysis; powder x-ray diffraction; Sensors
• ISSN: 1600-5775; 0909-0495; 1600-5775
• DOI: 10.1107/S1600577523004915

Following Phase 2 of the upgrade of the ESRF in which the storage ring was replaced by a new low-emittance ring along with many other facility upgrades, the status of ID22, the high-resolution powder-diffraction beamline, is described. The beamline has an in-vacuum undulator as source providing X-rays in the range 6-75 keV. ID22's principle characteristics include very high angular resolution as a result of the highly collimated and monochromatic beam, coupled with a 13-channel Si 111 multi-analyser stage between the sample and a Dectris Eiger2 X 2M-W CdTe pixel detector. The detector's axial resolution allows recorded 2θ values to be automatically corrected for the effects of axial divergence, resulting in narrower and more-symmetric peaks compared with the previous fixed-axial-slit arrangement. The axial acceptance can also be increased with increasing diffraction angle, thus simultaneously improving the statistical quality of high-angle data. A complementary Perkin Elmer XRD1611 medical-imaging detector is available for faster, lower-resolution data, often used at photon energies of 60-70 keV for pair-distribution function analysis, although this is also possible in high-resolution mode by scanning up to 120° 2θ at 35 keV. There are various sample environments, allowing sample temperatures from 4 K to 1600°C, a capillary cell for non-corrosive gas atmospheres in the range 0-100 bar, and a sample-changing robot that can accommodate 75 capillary samples compatible with the temperature range 80 K to 950°C.