Rydberg-dressed solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates with parity-time symmetry

• Published in: Results in physics 2023-06, Vol.49, p.106534, Article 106534
• Main Authors: Xu, Yu-Xi, Zhao, Yuan, Huang, Qi-Hong, Wang, De-Wei, Fan, Zhuo, Xue, Li, Xu, Si-Liu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bose-Einstein condensates; Optical lattices; PT-symmetric lattice; Rydberg-Rydberg interaction; Solitons
• ISSN: 2211-3797; 2211-3797
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2023.106534

•Model. We report a theoretical survey of nonlinear matter wave localization in Bose-Einstein condensates with parity-time symmetric Rydberg cold atom system, with the aim of revealing localized gap modes of different types and their stabilization mechanism.•Method. The numerical scheme is based on the following procedure: stationary solutions of different types are obtained through the modified squared-operator iteration method. The GPE can be solved numerically by the split-step Fourier integral method. Under weak perturbation, the solutions of wave-function can be obtained. The stability of the solutions is identified through the perturbed evolution and linear stability analysis.•Results. A family of solitons, including fundamental, two-pole, quadrupole solitons and vortex ones, are found in this work. The formation and dynamics can be tuned by system parameters, such as chemical potential μ, local nonlinear coefficient γ, lattice strengths V0 and W0, and nonlocal nonlinear coefficient α. Generating stable bright solitons in free space has been a long-standing goal in the study of matter waves in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Rydberg-induced matter wave demonstrates an excellent effect in balancing the repulsive and attractive interactions between remote atoms. Parity-time (PT) symmetric lattices have been widely studied in controlling the flow of matter waves. In this study, we theoretically investigated the localization of nonlinear matter waves in the PT-symmetric Rydberg atomic BECs system. The numerical simulation method was used to obtain the stationary solutions of the wave function by solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) of the Rydberg-dressed BECs system. Fundamental, higher-order solitons and vortical ones were uncovered, and their stabilities were evaluated through linear-stability analysis and direct simulation with perturbation. Furthermore, the collision of solitons exhibited a quasi-elastic feature.