The Extraction Solvent Influences the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Jakyakgamcho-Tang in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages and Mice with Gouty Arthritis

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2020-12, Vol.21 (24), p.9748
• Main Authors: Lee, Yun Mi, Kim, Dong-Seon
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Arthritis, Gouty - chemically induced; Arthritis, Gouty - drug therapy; Arthritis, Gouty - immunology; Arthritis, Gouty - pathology; Cytokines - metabolism; Drugs, Chinese Herbal - chemistry; Edema - chemically induced; Edema - drug therapy; Edema - immunology; Edema - pathology; gouty arthritis; inflammation; Inflammation - chemically induced; Inflammation - drug therapy; Inflammation - immunology; Inflammation - pathology; Jakyakgamcho-Tang; Lipopolysaccharides - toxicity; macrophages; Macrophages - drug effects; Macrophages - immunology; Macrophages - pathology; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Solvents - chemistry; traditional medicine
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249748

Jakyakgamcho-Tang (JGT) is a traditional medicine used to treat muscular tension, spasm, and pain. Several studies have reported its clinical use as an anti-inflammatory and in gynaecological treatment. This study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of JGT according to extraction solvent, water (JGTW) and 30% EtOH (JGTE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and in mice with monosodium urate (MSU)-induced gouty arthritis. We evaluated the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines and the expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in RAW 264.7 cells. We also examined oedema, pain, and inflammation in MSU-induced mice by measuring affected hind paw swelling, weight-bearing, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, JGTW and JGTE significantly decreased prostaglandin (PG) E2(PGE2) production via suppressing COX-2 expression and cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-6. Only JGTE reduced the production of NO and cytokines and the mRNA levels of iNOS and cytokines. In MSU-induced mice, JGTE and JGTW efficiently decreased paw swelling and attenuated joint pain. JGTE (200 and 300 mg/kg) effectively suppressed inflammation by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) and MPO activity, which were only slightly reduced by JGTW. Our data demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of JGT in macrophage and gouty arthritis animal models and show that JGTE is more effective than JGTW at lower concentrations.