Inflammation in Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Chronic low-grade inflammation is involved in coronary atherosclerosis, presenting multiple clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to stable angina, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Coronary microvasculature consists of vessels with a diameter less than 500...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-12, Vol.22 (24), p.13471
Main Authors: Sagris, Marios, Theofilis, Panagiotis, Antonopoulos, Alexios S, Oikonomou, Evangelos, Paschaliori, Christina, Galiatsatos, Nikolaos, Tsioufis, Kostas, Tousoulis, Dimitris
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abnormalities
Acute Coronary Syndrome - physiopathology
Angina
Anti-inflammatory agents
anti-inflammatory treatment
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Biomarkers
Body fat
Cardiovascular disease
Coronary artery disease
Coronary Artery Disease - blood
Coronary Artery Disease - immunology
Coronary Artery Disease - physiopathology
Coronary Circulation - physiology
coronary microvascular dysfunction
Coronary vessels
Coronary Vessels - physiopathology
Death, Sudden, Cardiac - pathology
Ejection fraction
Flow velocity
Heart failure
Heart Failure - physiopathology
Humans
imaging
Immunomodulation
Immunomodulators
Inflammation
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist
Medical imaging
Microcirculation - physiology
MicroRNAs
Microvasculature
Microvessels - immunology
Microvessels - physiology
Myocardial Infarction - physiopathology
Myocardial Ischemia - physiopathology
Myocardium
Oxygen demand
Patients
Radiation
Review
Risk Factors
Statins
Structure-function relationships
Tomography
Tumor necrosis factor-α
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Description
Summary:Chronic low-grade inflammation is involved in coronary atherosclerosis, presenting multiple clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to stable angina, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Coronary microvasculature consists of vessels with a diameter less than 500 μm, whose potential structural and functional abnormalities can lead to inappropriate dilatation and an inability to meet the required myocardium oxygen demands. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction and the capability of non-invasive screening methods to detect the phenomenon. Anti-inflammatory agents, such as statins and immunomodulators, including anakinra, tocilizumab, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, have been assessed recently and may constitute additional or alternative treatment approaches to reduce cardiovascular events in atherosclerotic heart disease characterized by coronary microvascular dysfunction.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms222413471