Iron Supplementation in Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes: A Narrative Review

Pregnant women frequently supplement their diets with iron to treat any cryptic anemia, on the assumption that if anemia is not present, there will be no negative consequences. However, in women who are already iron-replete, it has been suggested that this can lead to iron overload and an increased...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2022-11, Vol.14 (22), p.4791
Main Author: Petry, Clive J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anemia
Anemia - drug therapy
Blood
Clinical trials
Cohort analysis
Complications
diabetes
Diabetes in pregnancy
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes, Gestational - etiology
Dietary supplements
Dietary Supplements - adverse effects
Female
Food and nutrition
Gestational diabetes
Health aspects
Health risks
Hemoglobin
Heterogeneity
Humans
Insulin
Insulin resistance
Insulin secretion
Iron
Iron - adverse effects
Iron in the body
Iron Overload - complications
Meta-analysis
micronutrients
Oxidation resistance
Oxidative stress
Pregnancy
Pregnancy complications
Pregnant women
Review
Risk analysis
Risk factors
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Summary:Pregnant women frequently supplement their diets with iron to treat any cryptic anemia, on the assumption that if anemia is not present, there will be no negative consequences. However, in women who are already iron-replete, it has been suggested that this can lead to iron overload and an increased risk of certain pregnancy complications. One such complication is gestational diabetes. Fourteen clinical trials, case-control or cohort studies (found using Pubmed/Scopus/Web of Science) have investigated links between iron supplementation in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes, several of them finding significant associations with increased risk. Potential mechanisms include increased oxidative stress leading to insulin resistance and inadequate compensatory insulin secretion. Current evidence suggests that dietary supplementation with iron in pregnancy may increase a pregnant woman's chance of developing gestational diabetes, although available evidence is somewhat contradictory, and the magnitude of any increased risk appears relatively small. Meta-analyses have suggested the presence of significant heterogeneity in results between studies, urging a degree of caution in interpreting these results. It is currently suggested that advice to pregnant women about whether to supplement their diets with iron or not should consider both their current iron status and their other established risk factors for gestational diabetes.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu14224791