Longitudinal Analysis of Coronavirus-Neutralizing Activity in COVID-19 Patients

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has now been continuing for more than two years. The infection causes COVID-19, a disease of the respiratory and cardiovascular system of variable severity. Here, the humoral immune response of 80 COVID-19 patients from the Un...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2022-04, Vol.14 (5), p.882
Main Authors: Hastert, Florian D, Henss, Lisa, von Rhein, Christine, Gerbeth, Julia, Wieters, Imke, Borgans, Frauke, Khodamoradi, Yascha, Zacharowski, Kai, Rohde, Gernot, Vehreschild, Maria J G T, Schnierle, Barbara S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
Antigen presentation
Blood & organ donations
Cardiovascular system
Colds
Common cold
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 vaccines
COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology
Delta
Humans
Immune response (humoral)
Immunity, Humoral
Infections
Longitudinal Studies
mRNA
mRNA vaccines
mRNA Vaccines - immunology
neutralization
NL63
Omicron
Pandemics
Patients
Pneumonia
Proteins
Regression analysis
Respiratory diseases
SARS-CoV-1
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics
Vaccination
Vaccines, Synthetic - immunology
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Summary:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has now been continuing for more than two years. The infection causes COVID-19, a disease of the respiratory and cardiovascular system of variable severity. Here, the humoral immune response of 80 COVID-19 patients from the University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Germany, was characterized longitudinally. The SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity of serum waned over time. The neutralizing potential of serum directed towards the human alpha-coronavirus NL-63 (NL63) also waned, indicating that no cross-priming against alpha-coronaviruses occurred. A subset of the recovered patients ( = 13) was additionally vaccinated with the mRNA vaccine Comirnaty. Vaccination increased neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT), Delta, and Omicron, although Omicron-specific neutralization was not detectable prior to vaccination. In addition, the vaccination induced neutralizing antibodies against the more distantly related SARS-CoV-1 but not against NL63. The results indicate that although SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune responses induced by infection wane, vaccination induces a broad neutralizing activity against multiple SARS-CoVs, but not to the common cold alpha-coronavirus NL63.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v14050882