The Effect of Chromosomes on Courtship Behavior in Sibling Species of the Drosophila virilis Group

• Published in: Insects (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-07, Vol.14 (7), p.609
• Main Authors: Belkina, Elena G, Seleznev, Dmitry G, Sorokina, Svetlana Yu, Kulikov, Alex M, Lazebny, Oleg E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acoustics; Animal reproduction; Behavior; behavior genetics; Chromosomes; Coexistence; Copulation; Courtship; courtship behavior; Drosophila; Drosophila virilis; Drosophila virilis group; Experiments; Females; Fruit flies; Gene mapping; Genetic analysis; Genotype & phenotype; Genotypes; Hybrids; Insects; Joint products; Latency; Males; Mathematical models; Modelling; Multivariate statistical analysis; Process parameters; Sex; Sex chromosomes; Sexual selection; Sibling species; Song; Structural equation modeling; Variability; Variance analysis; video typing method; X chromosomes
• ISSN: 2075-4450; 2075-4450
• DOI: 10.3390/insects14070609

Prezygotic isolation mechanisms, particularly courtship behavior, play a significant role in the formation of reproductive barriers. The action of these mechanisms leads to the coexistence of numerous closely related insect species with specific adaptations in a shared or adjacent territory. The genetic basis of these mechanisms has been studied using closely related Drosophila species, such as the group. However, the investigation of individual courtship behavior elements has been limited until recently, and the effect of genotype on the species-specific features of courtship as a whole has not been thoroughly examined. It should be noted that courtship behavior is not a typical quantitative trait that can be easily measured or quantified in both females and males, similar to traits like wing length or bristle number. Each courtship element involves the participation of both female and male partners, making the genetic analysis of this behavior complex. As a result, the traditional approach of genetic analysis for quantitative traits, which involves variance decomposition in a set of crosses, including parental species, F1 and F2 hybrids, and backcrosses of F1 to parental species, is not suitable for analyzing courtship behavior. To address this, we employed a modified design by introducing what we refer to as 'reference partners' during the testing of hybrid individuals from F1, F2, and backcrosses. These reference partners represented one of the parental species. This approach allowed us to categorize all possible test combinations into four groups based on the reference partner's sex (female or male) and their constant genotype towards one of the parental species ( or ). The genotype of the second partner in the within-group test combinations varied from completely conspecific to completely heterospecific, based on the parental chromosomal sets. To assess the contribution of partner genotypes to the variability of courtship-element parameters, we employed structural equation modeling (SEM) instead of the traditional analysis of variance (ANOVA). SEM enabled us to estimate the regression of the proportion of chromosomes of a specific species type on the value of each courtship-element parameter in partners with varying genotypes across different test combinations. The aim of the current study was to analyze the involvement of sex chromosomes and autosomes in the formation of courtship structure in and . The genetic analysis was complemented by video rec