Patulin Mycotoxin in Mango and Orange Fruits, Juices, Pulps, and Jams Marketed in Pakistan

The objective of the study was to explore the incidence of patulin (PAT) mycotoxin in mango and orange fruits and derived products marketed in Pakistan. A total of 274 samples, including 70 mango fruits, 63 mango-based products (juices, pulp, and jam), 77 orange fruits, and 64 orange-based products,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2020-01, Vol.12 (1), p.52
Main Authors: Hussain, Shabbir, Asi, Muhammad Rafique, Iqbal, Mazhar, Khalid, Nisha, Wajih-Ul-Hassan, Syed, Ariño, Agustín
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Beverages
Chromatography
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Citrus sinensis
Confectionery
Food Contamination
Food contamination & poisoning
Food Microbiology
food safety
Fruit - microbiology
Fruit juices
fruit-derived products
Fruits
Fungi
High performance liquid chromatography
Juices
Liquid chromatography
Malus
Mangifera - microbiology
mango
Mangoes
Mycotoxins
orange
Oranges
Pakistan
Patulin
Patulin - analysis
Patulin - toxicity
Pulp
Regulation
regulatory limits
Reproducibility
Toxicity
Toxins
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Summary:The objective of the study was to explore the incidence of patulin (PAT) mycotoxin in mango and orange fruits and derived products marketed in Pakistan. A total of 274 samples, including 70 mango fruits, 63 mango-based products (juices, pulp, and jam), 77 orange fruits, and 64 orange-based products, were collected. PAT was determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-Vis detector (276 nm). Linear detector response was observed (R > 0.99), the limit of detection (LOD) was 5 µg/kg and recovery percentage was 97.4%. The incidence of PAT in mango samples was 61.7%, and the concentration ranged from
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins12010052