Fast men slow more than fast women in a 10 kilometer road race

Background. Previous studies have demonstrated that men are more likely than women to slow in the marathon (footrace). This study investigated whether the sex difference in pacing occurs for a shorter race distance. Materials & Methods. Data were acquired from the Bolder Boulder 10 km road race...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) CA), 2016-07, Vol.4, p.e2235-e2235, Article e2235
Main Authors: Deaner, Robert O, Addona, Vittorio, Carter, Rickey E, Joyner, Michael J, Hunter, Sandra K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Athletic performance
Decision making
Distance running
Endurance exercise
Gender
Glycogen
Hypotheses
Kinesiology
Marathon
Marathons
Medicine
Metabolism
Physiology
Psychiatry and Psychology
Risk taking
Running
Science
Sex differences
Sports medicine
Studies
Walking
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-e93df14e0a11fa85be70a4f1651dc2a2292f3d8fc10376f2193fc2d27a0b30ff3
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-e93df14e0a11fa85be70a4f1651dc2a2292f3d8fc10376f2193fc2d27a0b30ff3
container_end_page e2235
container_issue
container_start_page e2235
container_title PeerJ (San Francisco, CA)
container_volume 4
creator Deaner, Robert O
Addona, Vittorio
Carter, Rickey E
Joyner, Michael J
Hunter, Sandra K
description Background. Previous studies have demonstrated that men are more likely than women to slow in the marathon (footrace). This study investigated whether the sex difference in pacing occurs for a shorter race distance. Materials & Methods. Data were acquired from the Bolder Boulder 10 km road race for the years 2008-2013, which encompassed 191,693 performances. There were two pacing measures, percentage change in pace of the first 3 miles relative to the final 3.2 miles and percentage change in pace of the first mile relative to the final 5.2 miles. Pacing was analyzed as a continuous variable and as two categorical variables, as follows: "maintain the pace," defined as slowing
doi_str_mv 10.7717/peerj.2235
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>gale_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_40769283fa88468e8ffd036b28b07082</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A543355253</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_40769283fa88468e8ffd036b28b07082</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A543355253</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-e93df14e0a11fa85be70a4f1651dc2a2292f3d8fc10376f2193fc2d27a0b30ff3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptkt9rFDEQxxdRbKl98Q-QgCAi3Jkfm032pVCK1ULBF30Oc9nJXc7d5Ex2W_zvzfZqvROTQJKZ73wmGaaqXjO6VIqpjzvEtF1yLuSz6pSzRi20kO3zg_NJdZ7zlpaheUO1eFmdcCXrsurT6uIa8kgGDCT38Z4MMSEZNxCIm-33cfb4QIAwSn74vtxHTCRF6EgCi6-qFw76jOeP-1n1_frTt6svi9uvn2-uLm8XVio6LrAVnWM1UmDMgZYrVBRqxxrJOsuB85Y70WlnGRWqcZy1wlnecQV0Jahz4qy62XO7CFuzS36A9MtE8ObBENPaQBq97dHUVDUt16Lk0XWjUTvXUdGsuF5RVUpQWBd71m5aDdhZDGOC_gh67Al-Y9bxztRtIzinBfD-EZDizwnzaAafLfY9BIxTNkwz0XAua1Gkb_-RbuOUQimVYa0UWrLypr-qNZQP-OBiyWtnqLmcKVJyObOW_1GV2eHgbQzofLEfBbw7CNgg9OMmx34afQz5WPhhL7Qp5pzQPRWDUTN3mXnoMjN3WRG_OSzfk_RPT4nfcmLIqg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1953851070</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Fast men slow more than fast women in a 10 kilometer road race</title><source>Open Access: PubMed Central</source><source>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</source><creator>Deaner, Robert O ; Addona, Vittorio ; Carter, Rickey E ; Joyner, Michael J ; Hunter, Sandra K</creator><creatorcontrib>Deaner, Robert O ; Addona, Vittorio ; Carter, Rickey E ; Joyner, Michael J ; Hunter, Sandra K</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[Background. Previous studies have demonstrated that men are more likely than women to slow in the marathon (footrace). This study investigated whether the sex difference in pacing occurs for a shorter race distance. Materials & Methods. Data were acquired from the Bolder Boulder 10 km road race for the years 2008-2013, which encompassed 191,693 performances. There were two pacing measures, percentage change in pace of the first 3 miles relative to the final 3.2 miles and percentage change in pace of the first mile relative to the final 5.2 miles. Pacing was analyzed as a continuous variable and as two categorical variables, as follows: "maintain the pace," defined as slowing <5% and "marked slowing," defined as slowing ≥10%. Results. Among the fastest (men < 48:40; women < 55:27) and second fastest (men < 53:54; women < 60:28) sex-specific finishing time sextiles, men slowed significantly more than women with both pacing measures, but there were no consistently significant sex differences in pacing among the slower four sextiles. For the fastest sextile, the odds for women were 1.96 (first pacing measure) and 1.36 (second measure) times greater than men to maintain the pace. For the fastest sextile, the odds for women were 0.46 (first measure) and 0.65 (second measure) times that of men to exhibit marked slowing. Multiple regression indicated that being older was associated with lesser slowing, but the sex difference among faster runners persisted when age was controlled. Conclusions. There was a sex difference in pacing during a 10 km race where glycogen depletion is not typically relevant. These results support the hypothesis that the sex difference in pacing partly reflects a sex difference in decision making.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 2167-8359</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2167-8359</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2235</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27547544</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: PeerJ. Ltd</publisher><subject>Athletic performance ; Decision making ; Distance running ; Endurance exercise ; Gender ; Glycogen ; Hypotheses ; Kinesiology ; Marathon ; Marathons ; Medicine ; Metabolism ; Physiology ; Psychiatry and Psychology ; Risk taking ; Running ; Science ; Sex differences ; Sports medicine ; Studies ; Walking</subject><ispartof>PeerJ (San Francisco, CA), 2016-07, Vol.4, p.e2235-e2235, Article e2235</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 PeerJ. Ltd.</rights><rights>2016 Deaner et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Deaner et al. 2016 Deaner et al.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-e93df14e0a11fa85be70a4f1651dc2a2292f3d8fc10376f2193fc2d27a0b30ff3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-e93df14e0a11fa85be70a4f1651dc2a2292f3d8fc10376f2193fc2d27a0b30ff3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1953851070/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1953851070?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,74998</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27547544$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Deaner, Robert O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Addona, Vittorio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carter, Rickey E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joyner, Michael J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunter, Sandra K</creatorcontrib><title>Fast men slow more than fast women in a 10 kilometer road race</title><title>PeerJ (San Francisco, CA)</title><addtitle>PeerJ</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Background. Previous studies have demonstrated that men are more likely than women to slow in the marathon (footrace). This study investigated whether the sex difference in pacing occurs for a shorter race distance. Materials & Methods. Data were acquired from the Bolder Boulder 10 km road race for the years 2008-2013, which encompassed 191,693 performances. There were two pacing measures, percentage change in pace of the first 3 miles relative to the final 3.2 miles and percentage change in pace of the first mile relative to the final 5.2 miles. Pacing was analyzed as a continuous variable and as two categorical variables, as follows: "maintain the pace," defined as slowing <5% and "marked slowing," defined as slowing ≥10%. Results. Among the fastest (men < 48:40; women < 55:27) and second fastest (men < 53:54; women < 60:28) sex-specific finishing time sextiles, men slowed significantly more than women with both pacing measures, but there were no consistently significant sex differences in pacing among the slower four sextiles. For the fastest sextile, the odds for women were 1.96 (first pacing measure) and 1.36 (second measure) times greater than men to maintain the pace. For the fastest sextile, the odds for women were 0.46 (first measure) and 0.65 (second measure) times that of men to exhibit marked slowing. Multiple regression indicated that being older was associated with lesser slowing, but the sex difference among faster runners persisted when age was controlled. Conclusions. There was a sex difference in pacing during a 10 km race where glycogen depletion is not typically relevant. These results support the hypothesis that the sex difference in pacing partly reflects a sex difference in decision making.]]></description><subject>Athletic performance</subject><subject>Decision making</subject><subject>Distance running</subject><subject>Endurance exercise</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Glycogen</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Kinesiology</subject><subject>Marathon</subject><subject>Marathons</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Psychiatry and Psychology</subject><subject>Risk taking</subject><subject>Running</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Sex differences</subject><subject>Sports medicine</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Walking</subject><issn>2167-8359</issn><issn>2167-8359</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkt9rFDEQxxdRbKl98Q-QgCAi3Jkfm032pVCK1ULBF30Oc9nJXc7d5Ex2W_zvzfZqvROTQJKZ73wmGaaqXjO6VIqpjzvEtF1yLuSz6pSzRi20kO3zg_NJdZ7zlpaheUO1eFmdcCXrsurT6uIa8kgGDCT38Z4MMSEZNxCIm-33cfb4QIAwSn74vtxHTCRF6EgCi6-qFw76jOeP-1n1_frTt6svi9uvn2-uLm8XVio6LrAVnWM1UmDMgZYrVBRqxxrJOsuB85Y70WlnGRWqcZy1wlnecQV0Jahz4qy62XO7CFuzS36A9MtE8ObBENPaQBq97dHUVDUt16Lk0XWjUTvXUdGsuF5RVUpQWBd71m5aDdhZDGOC_gh67Al-Y9bxztRtIzinBfD-EZDizwnzaAafLfY9BIxTNkwz0XAua1Gkb_-RbuOUQimVYa0UWrLypr-qNZQP-OBiyWtnqLmcKVJyObOW_1GV2eHgbQzofLEfBbw7CNgg9OMmx34afQz5WPhhL7Qp5pzQPRWDUTN3mXnoMjN3WRG_OSzfk_RPT4nfcmLIqg</recordid><startdate>20160721</startdate><enddate>20160721</enddate><creator>Deaner, Robert O</creator><creator>Addona, Vittorio</creator><creator>Carter, Rickey E</creator><creator>Joyner, Michael J</creator><creator>Hunter, Sandra K</creator><general>PeerJ. Ltd</general><general>PeerJ, Inc</general><general>PeerJ Inc</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160721</creationdate><title>Fast men slow more than fast women in a 10 kilometer road race</title><author>Deaner, Robert O ; Addona, Vittorio ; Carter, Rickey E ; Joyner, Michael J ; Hunter, Sandra K</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-e93df14e0a11fa85be70a4f1651dc2a2292f3d8fc10376f2193fc2d27a0b30ff3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Athletic performance</topic><topic>Decision making</topic><topic>Distance running</topic><topic>Endurance exercise</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Glycogen</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Kinesiology</topic><topic>Marathon</topic><topic>Marathons</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Psychiatry and Psychology</topic><topic>Risk taking</topic><topic>Running</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Sex differences</topic><topic>Sports medicine</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Walking</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Deaner, Robert O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Addona, Vittorio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carter, Rickey E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joyner, Michael J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunter, Sandra K</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Science Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Open Access: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PeerJ (San Francisco, CA)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Deaner, Robert O</au><au>Addona, Vittorio</au><au>Carter, Rickey E</au><au>Joyner, Michael J</au><au>Hunter, Sandra K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Fast men slow more than fast women in a 10 kilometer road race</atitle><jtitle>PeerJ (San Francisco, CA)</jtitle><addtitle>PeerJ</addtitle><date>2016-07-21</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>4</volume><spage>e2235</spage><epage>e2235</epage><pages>e2235-e2235</pages><artnum>e2235</artnum><issn>2167-8359</issn><eissn>2167-8359</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Background. Previous studies have demonstrated that men are more likely than women to slow in the marathon (footrace). This study investigated whether the sex difference in pacing occurs for a shorter race distance. Materials & Methods. Data were acquired from the Bolder Boulder 10 km road race for the years 2008-2013, which encompassed 191,693 performances. There were two pacing measures, percentage change in pace of the first 3 miles relative to the final 3.2 miles and percentage change in pace of the first mile relative to the final 5.2 miles. Pacing was analyzed as a continuous variable and as two categorical variables, as follows: "maintain the pace," defined as slowing <5% and "marked slowing," defined as slowing ≥10%. Results. Among the fastest (men < 48:40; women < 55:27) and second fastest (men < 53:54; women < 60:28) sex-specific finishing time sextiles, men slowed significantly more than women with both pacing measures, but there were no consistently significant sex differences in pacing among the slower four sextiles. For the fastest sextile, the odds for women were 1.96 (first pacing measure) and 1.36 (second measure) times greater than men to maintain the pace. For the fastest sextile, the odds for women were 0.46 (first measure) and 0.65 (second measure) times that of men to exhibit marked slowing. Multiple regression indicated that being older was associated with lesser slowing, but the sex difference among faster runners persisted when age was controlled. Conclusions. There was a sex difference in pacing during a 10 km race where glycogen depletion is not typically relevant. These results support the hypothesis that the sex difference in pacing partly reflects a sex difference in decision making.]]></abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>PeerJ. Ltd</pub><pmid>27547544</pmid><doi>10.7717/peerj.2235</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 2167-8359
ispartof PeerJ (San Francisco, CA), 2016-07, Vol.4, p.e2235-e2235, Article e2235
issn 2167-8359
2167-8359
language eng
recordid cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_40769283fa88468e8ffd036b28b07082
source Open Access: PubMed Central; Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)
subjects Athletic performance
Decision making
Distance running
Endurance exercise
Gender
Glycogen
Hypotheses
Kinesiology
Marathon
Marathons
Medicine
Metabolism
Physiology
Psychiatry and Psychology
Risk taking
Running
Science
Sex differences
Sports medicine
Studies
Walking
title Fast men slow more than fast women in a 10 kilometer road race
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-07T21%3A41%3A08IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_doaj_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fast%20men%20slow%20more%20than%20fast%20women%20in%20a%2010%20kilometer%20road%20race&rft.jtitle=PeerJ%20(San%20Francisco,%20CA)&rft.au=Deaner,%20Robert%20O&rft.date=2016-07-21&rft.volume=4&rft.spage=e2235&rft.epage=e2235&rft.pages=e2235-e2235&rft.artnum=e2235&rft.issn=2167-8359&rft.eissn=2167-8359&rft_id=info:doi/10.7717/peerj.2235&rft_dat=%3Cgale_doaj_%3EA543355253%3C/gale_doaj_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-e93df14e0a11fa85be70a4f1651dc2a2292f3d8fc10376f2193fc2d27a0b30ff3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1953851070&rft_id=info:pmid/27547544&rft_galeid=A543355253&rfr_iscdi=true