The destructive earthquake doublet of 6 February 2023 in south-central Turkiye and northwestern Syria; initial observations and analyses

• Published in: The Seismic record 2023-04, Vol.3 (2), p.105-115
• Main Authors: Mai, P. Martin, Aspiotis, Theodoros, Aquib, Tariq Anwar, Cano, Eduardo Valero, Castro-Cruz, David, Espindola-Carmona, Armando, Li, Bo, Li, Xing, Liu, Jihong, Matrau, Rémi, Nobile, Adriano, Palgunadi, Kadek Hendrawan, Ribot, Matthieu, Parisi, Laura, Suhendi, Cahli, Tang, Yuxiang, Yalcin, Bora, Avsar, Ulas, Klinger, Yann, Jonsson, Sigurjon
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: acceleration; aftershocks; Anatolia; Anatolia earthquakes 2023; Asia; coseismic processes; deformation; displacements; earthquakes; East Anatolian Fault; Elbistan earthquake 2023; Elbistan Turkey; faults; ground motion; horizontal movements; Middle East; peak ground acceleration; remote sensing; rupture; satellite methods; seismic response; Seismology; Sentinel-1; Surgu Fault; Syria; Turkey; wave amplification
• ISSN: 2694-4006; 2694-4006
• DOI: 10.1785/0320230007

On 6 February 2023, two large earthquakes with magnitude 7.8 and 7.6 rocked south-central Türkiye and northwestern Syria. At the time of writing, the death toll exceeded 50,000 in Türkiye and 7200 in Syria. The epicenter of the first mainshock was located ∼15 km east of the east Anatolian fault (EAF), the second large earthquake (9 hr later) initiated ∼90 km to the north on the east-west-trending Sürgü fault. Aftershocks delineate fault lengths of ∼350 and ∼170 km, respectively. Using satellite and seismic data for first-order analyses of surface-fault offsets, space-time rupture evolution, and recorded ground motions, our study sheds light on the reasons for the extensive destruction. The first event ruptured the EAF bilaterally, lasted for ∼80 s, and created surface fault offsets of over 6 m. The second event also ruptured bilaterally with a duration of ∼35 s and more than 7 m surface offsets. Horizontal ground accelerations reached locally up to 2g in the first mainshock; severe and widespread shaking occurred in the Hatay-Antakia area with values near 0.5g. Both earthquakes are characterized by directivity effects and abrupt rupture cessation generating stopping phases that contributed to strong seismic radiation. Shaking was further aggravated locally by site-amplification effects.