Benquerencia (La Serena - Spain) rock art: An integrated spectroscopy analysis with FTIR and Raman

La Serena region is a large plateau with open landscapes bounded in the south by a mountain chain formed by the Benquerencia, Tiros and La Rinconada Sierras. There are more than 300 painted and engraved sites in the region. Cueva Grande, Cueva de En medio and Cueva Pequeña are three Schematic rock a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Heliyon 2019-10, Vol.5 (10), p.e02561-e02561, Article e02561
Main Authors: Rosina, P., Collado, H., Garcês, S., Gomes, H., Eftekhari, N., Nicoli, M., Vaccaro, C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical chemistry
Archaeology
ATR-FTIR
Geosciences
Materials chemistry
Micro-Raman spectroscopy
Pigments
Recipes
Rock art
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Summary:La Serena region is a large plateau with open landscapes bounded in the south by a mountain chain formed by the Benquerencia, Tiros and La Rinconada Sierras. There are more than 300 painted and engraved sites in the region. Cueva Grande, Cueva de En medio and Cueva Pequeña are three Schematic rock art shelters located in the municipality of Benquerencia de la Serena, Badajoz, Spain. Over their panels have been documented more than a hundred of painted schematic figures (anthropomorphic figures, eye-shape figures and symbols) (Neolithic – Copper Age). Paintings are monochromatic with red or black coloration. A total of 13 samples (10 red and 3 black samples) from different panels were collected and analyzed using micro-Raman spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was able to characterize the main mineral component, respectively hematite for the red figures and charcoal for the black paintings. ATR-FTIR was useful to possible ochre and possible organic identification. These latest results are particularly important for understanding manufacturing processes and addressing conservation problems. Archaeology; Materials chemistry; Analytical chemistry; Geosciences; Pigments; Recipes; Rock art; ATR-FTIR; Micro-Raman spectroscopy
ISSN:2405-8440
2405-8440
DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02561