Reactive Oxygen Species in Osteoclast Differentiation and Possible Pharmaceutical Targets of ROS-Mediated Osteoclast Diseases

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2019-07, Vol.20 (14), p.3576
• Main Authors: Agidigbi, Taiwo Samuel, Kim, Chaekyun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acidification; Adapters; Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Biomedical materials; Bone Remodeling - drug effects; Bone Remodeling - genetics; Bone Resorption - drug therapy; Bone Resorption - etiology; Bone Resorption - metabolism; c-Jun protein; Cell adhesion; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell adhesion molecules; Cell culture; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; Chemokines; Cytokines; Differentiation; Electron transport; Electron transport chain; Extracellular matrix; Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Gene expression; Growth factors; Homeostasis; Humans; Hydrogen; Hydrogen peroxide; JNK protein; Kinases; Lymphocytes; MAP kinase; Melatonin; Menaquinones; Micronutrients; Mineralization; Mitochondria; Molecular Targeted Therapy; NADH; NADH dehydrogenase; NF-AT protein; osteoclast differentiation; Osteoclastogenesis; osteoclasts; Osteoclasts - cytology; Osteoclasts - drug effects; Osteoclasts - metabolism; Osteogenesis - drug effects; Osteopenia; Osteoporosis; Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Phosphorylation; Post-menopause; Proteins; Quality of life; reactive oxygen species; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Review; Signal processing; Signal transduction; Signal Transduction - drug effects; Stem cells; Superoxide dismutase; Transcription factors
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143576

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are essential for transmission of cell signals and other physiological functions. However, excessive amounts of ROS can cause cellular imbalance in reduction-oxidation reactions and disrupt normal biological functions, leading to oxidative stress, a condition known to be responsible for the development of several diseases. The biphasic role of ROS in cellular functions has been a target of pharmacological research. Osteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic progenitors in the bone and are essential for skeletal growth and remodeling, for the maintenance of bone architecture throughout lifespan, and for calcium metabolism during bone homeostasis. ROS, including superoxide ion (O ) and hydrogen peroxide (H O ), are important components that regulate the differentiation of osteoclasts. Under normal physiological conditions, ROS produced by osteoclasts stimulate and facilitate resorption of bone tissue. Thus, elucidating the effects of ROS during osteoclast differentiation is important when studying diseases associated with bone resorption such as osteoporosis. This review examines the effect of ROS on osteoclast differentiation and the efficacy of novel chemical compounds with therapeutic potential for osteoclast related diseases.