Are Raw Brassica Vegetables Healthier Than Cooked Ones? A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Intervention Trial on the Health-Promoting Potential of Ethiopian Kale

The present human intervention trial investigated the health-promoting potential of with a focus on effects of thermal processing on bioactivity. Twenty-two healthy subjects consumed a preparation from raw (allyl isothiocyanate-containing) or cooked (no allyl isothiocyanate) leaves for five days in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2018-11, Vol.10 (11), p.1622
Main Authors: Schlotz, Nina, Odongo, Grace A, Herz, Corinna, Waßmer, Hanna, Kühn, Carla, Hanschen, Franziska S, Neugart, Susanne, Binder, Nadine, Ngwene, Benard, Schreiner, Monika, Rohn, Sascha, Lamy, Evelyn
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
aflatoxin B1
anti-genotoxicity
Antioxidants - metabolism
Brassica - chemistry
Brassica vegetables
cancer chemoprevention
comet assay
Cooking
Cross-Over Studies
Diet
Female
Food Analysis
Humans
Isothiocyanates - blood
Isothiocyanates - metabolism
Isothiocyanates - urine
Leukocytes, Mononuclear
Male
Vegetables
Young Adult
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Summary:The present human intervention trial investigated the health-promoting potential of with a focus on effects of thermal processing on bioactivity. Twenty-two healthy subjects consumed a preparation from raw (allyl isothiocyanate-containing) or cooked (no allyl isothiocyanate) leaves for five days in a randomized crossover design. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), with or without metabolic activation using human S9 mix, and subsequently analyzed for DNA damage using the comet assay. Plasma was analyzed for total antioxidant capacity and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) levels. Cooked significantly reduced DNA damage induced by AFB1 as compared to baseline levels (+S9 mix: 35%, -S9 mix: 33%, ≤ 0.01, respectively). Raw only reduced DNA damage by S9-activated AFB1 by 21% ( = 0.08). PGE₂ plasma levels were significantly reduced in subjects after consuming raw . No changes in plasma antioxidant capacity were detectable. A balanced diet, including raw and cooked vegetables, might be suited to fully exploit the health-promoting potential. These results also advocate the promotion of cultivation in Eastern Africa as a measure to combat effects of unavoidable aflatoxin exposure.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu10111622