Swim training affects Akt signaling and ameliorates loss of skeletal muscle mass in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

• Published in: Scientific reports 2021-10, Vol.11 (1), p.20899-20899, Article 20899
• Main Authors: Cieminski, Karol, Flis, Damian Jozef, Dzik, Katarzyna, Kaczor, Jan Jacek, Czyrko, Emilia, Halon-Golabek, Malgorzata, Wieckowski, Mariusz Roman, Antosiewicz, Jedrzej, Ziolkowski, Wieslaw
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/337; 692/699/375/364; AKT protein; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - metabolism; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - physiopathology; Animals; Atrophy; Body mass; Cachexia; Creatine; Creatine kinase; Disease Models, Animal; Forkhead Box Protein O3 - metabolism; FOXO3 protein; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Insulin; Kinases; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; multidisciplinary; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Muscular Atrophy - metabolism; Muscular Atrophy - physiopathology; Musculoskeletal system; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism; Rodents; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Signal transduction; Signal Transduction - physiology; Skeletal muscle; Superoxide Dismutase-1 - metabolism; Swimming; Swimming - physiology; Tibialis anterior muscle; Training; Transgenic mice; Tripartite Motif Proteins - metabolism
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00319-1

We tested the hypothesis that swim training reverses the impairment of Akt/FOXO3a signaling, ameliorating muscle atrophy in ALS mice. Transgenic male mice B6SJL-Tg (SOD1 G93A ) 1Gur/J were used as the ALS model ( n  = 35), with wild-type B6SJL (WT) mice as controls ( n  = 7). ALS mice were analyzed before ALS onset, at ALS onset, and at terminal ALS. Levels of insulin/Akt signaling pathway proteins were determined, and the body and tibialis anterior muscle mass and plasma creatine kinase. Significantly increased levels of FOXO3a in ALS groups (from about 13 to 21-fold) compared to WT mice were observed. MuRF1 levels in the ONSET untrained group (12.0 ± 1.7 AU) were significantly higher than in WT mice (1.12 ± 0.2 AU) and in the BEFORE ALS group (3.7 ± 0.9 AU). This was associated with body mass and skeletal muscle mass reduction. Swim training significantly ameliorated the reduction of skeletal muscle mass in both TERMINAL groups (p