Microwave Sensing of Water Quality

Fine-grained water quality data can facilitate the optimized management of water resources, which have become increasingly scarce due to population growth, increased demand for safe sources of water, and environmental pollutions. There is a pressing need for cost-effective, reliable, re-usable, and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE access 2019, Vol.7, p.69481-69493
Main Authors: Zhang, Kunyi, Amineh, Reza K., Dong, Ziqian, Nadler, David
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Circuit boards
Complementary split-ring resonators
Contaminants
Dielectric properties
Frequencies
Microwave sensors
Parameters
Pollution measurement
Population growth
Printed circuits
Sensor arrays
Sensors
Water pollution
Water quality
water quality sensing
Water resources
Water resources management
Water sampling
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Summary:Fine-grained water quality data can facilitate the optimized management of water resources, which have become increasingly scarce due to population growth, increased demand for safe sources of water, and environmental pollutions. There is a pressing need for cost-effective, reliable, re-usable, and autonomous water sensing technologies that can provide accurate real-time water quality measurements. In this paper, we present a microwave sensor array with sensing elements operating at different frequencies in the wide frequency band of 1 GHz to 10 GHz. The use of array allows for collecting more information compared with a single sensor system. The sensor array can be fabricated in a cost-effective way through standard printed circuit board (PCB) technology. Here, it is tested with water solutions of various contaminants and parameter values. The dielectric properties of the water sample with different contaminants and parameter values are measured and provided as well.
ISSN:2169-3536
2169-3536
DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2918996