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Characteristics and local risk factors of community-acquired and health-care-associated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia
This study aims at identifying characteristics, risk factors and mortality of community-acquired (CAP) and health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) by Staphylococcus aureus ( S . aureus ). We retrieved adults with S. aureus CAP or HCAP diagnosed by blood or pleural effusion culture in 2.6 years, and...
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| Published in: | Scientific reports 2022-11, Vol.12 (1), p.18670-8, Article 18670 |
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| creator | Lee, Li-Na Chou, Wen-Ru Wang, Jann-Yuan Kuo, Yen-Liang Chang, Chi-Yueh Lee, Yi-Chien Tung, Shao-Hsien Tsao, Wen-Ching Chao, Ke-Yun Liu, Wei-Lun |
| description | This study aims at identifying characteristics, risk factors and mortality of community-acquired (CAP) and health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) by
Staphylococcus aureus
(
S
.
aureus
). We retrieved adults with
S. aureus
CAP or HCAP diagnosed by blood or pleural effusion culture in 2.6 years, and compared with those of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(
S. pneumoniae
) CAP or HCAP diagnosed by blood or respiratory culture, or urine antigen. We found 18 patients with CAP and 9 HCAP due to
S. aureus
(female 33%, 66.6 ± 12.4 years-old), and 48 patients with CAP and 15 HCAP due to
S pneumoniae
(female 41%, 69.5 ± 17.5 years). Diabetes mellitus (52% vs. 24%,
p
= 0.019), hemodialysis (11% vs. 0%,
p
= 0.046), skin lesions (44% vs. 0%,
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-022-23246-1 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_424166771c4b45c2a4e1b2aa20b0aec5</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_424166771c4b45c2a4e1b2aa20b0aec5</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>2731951971</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-3ffff88fdc58513a487809fd7b89ba270522a54e9ed8fc3f64254be632c6eda3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhiMEolXpH-CAInEOtccfiS9IaMVHpUoc6N2aOJNNliTe2glo_329m7a0F3wZe-adZzx6s-w9Z584E9VVlFyZqmAABQiQuuCvsnNgUh2f8PrZ_Sy7jHHH0lFgJDdvszOhhRBS8_Ps76bDgG6m0Me5dzHHqckH73DIU-Z33qaaDzH3be78OC5TPx8KdHdLH6g5iTvCYe4Kh4EKjNG7HudU-jXjvjskknduSdglUAr7iZbRTz2-y960OES6fIgX2e23r7ebH8XNz-_Xmy83hVOSzYVo06mqtnGqUlygrMqKmbYp68rUCGVaCVBJMtRUrROtlqBkTVqA09SguMiuV2zjcWf3oR8xHKzH3p4SPmwthrT3QFaC5FqXJXeylsoBSuI1IAKrGZJTifV5Ze2XeqTG0TQHHF5AX1amvrNb_8caLTRISICPD4Dg7xaKs935JUxpfQul4EZxU_KkglXlgo8xUPs0gTN7tN6u1ttkvT1Zb49NH57_7anl0egkEKsgptK0pfBv9n-w9305vPU</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2731951971</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Characteristics and local risk factors of community-acquired and health-care-associated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia</title><source>NCBI_PubMed Central（免费）</source><source>Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access)</source><source>Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)</source><source>Springer Nature - nature.com Journals - Fully Open Access</source><creator>Lee, Li-Na ; Chou, Wen-Ru ; Wang, Jann-Yuan ; Kuo, Yen-Liang ; Chang, Chi-Yueh ; Lee, Yi-Chien ; Tung, Shao-Hsien ; Tsao, Wen-Ching ; Chao, Ke-Yun ; Liu, Wei-Lun</creator><creatorcontrib>Lee, Li-Na ; Chou, Wen-Ru ; Wang, Jann-Yuan ; Kuo, Yen-Liang ; Chang, Chi-Yueh ; Lee, Yi-Chien ; Tung, Shao-Hsien ; Tsao, Wen-Ching ; Chao, Ke-Yun ; Liu, Wei-Lun</creatorcontrib><description>This study aims at identifying characteristics, risk factors and mortality of community-acquired (CAP) and health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) by
Staphylococcus aureus
(
S
.
aureus
). We retrieved adults with
S. aureus
CAP or HCAP diagnosed by blood or pleural effusion culture in 2.6 years, and compared with those of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(
S. pneumoniae
) CAP or HCAP diagnosed by blood or respiratory culture, or urine antigen. We found 18 patients with CAP and 9 HCAP due to
S. aureus
(female 33%, 66.6 ± 12.4 years-old), and 48 patients with CAP and 15 HCAP due to
S pneumoniae
(female 41%, 69.5 ± 17.5 years). Diabetes mellitus (52% vs. 24%,
p
= 0.019), hemodialysis (11% vs. 0%,
p
= 0.046), skin lesions (44% vs. 0%,
p
< 0.001), cavitary nodules (37% vs. 1.6%,
p
< 0.001) and pleural effusions (48% vs. 18%,
p
= 0.007) were more common in staphylococcal than pneumococcal group. Three patients with staphylococcal pneumonia had acute myocardial infarction. Pneumonia severity index (139 ± 52 vs. 109 ± 43,
p
= 0.005) and 30-day mortality (41% vs. 9.5%,
p
= 0.001) were higher in staphylococcal group. Multivariate analysis showed underlying disease (especially cancer and cirrhosis), risk class 4/5, altered mentality, shock and bilateral pneumonia were risk factors for 30-day mortality.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23246-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36333461</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/499 ; 692/699 ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use ; Blood ; Cirrhosis ; Community-Acquired Infections - diagnosis ; Cross Infection - drug therapy ; Diabetes mellitus ; Female ; Health care ; Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia - drug therapy ; Hemodialysis ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Humans ; Liver cirrhosis ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; multidisciplinary ; Multivariate analysis ; Myocardial infarction ; Pleural effusion ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia - drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal - drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal - epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Skin diseases ; Skin lesions ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptococcus infections ; Streptococcus pneumoniae</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2022-11, Vol.12 (1), p.18670-8, Article 18670</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2022</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-3ffff88fdc58513a487809fd7b89ba270522a54e9ed8fc3f64254be632c6eda3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-3ffff88fdc58513a487809fd7b89ba270522a54e9ed8fc3f64254be632c6eda3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2731951971/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2731951971?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36333461$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lee, Li-Na</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chou, Wen-Ru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jann-Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuo, Yen-Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Chi-Yueh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Yi-Chien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tung, Shao-Hsien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsao, Wen-Ching</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chao, Ke-Yun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wei-Lun</creatorcontrib><title>Characteristics and local risk factors of community-acquired and health-care-associated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>This study aims at identifying characteristics, risk factors and mortality of community-acquired (CAP) and health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) by
Staphylococcus aureus
(
S
.
aureus
). We retrieved adults with
S. aureus
CAP or HCAP diagnosed by blood or pleural effusion culture in 2.6 years, and compared with those of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(
S. pneumoniae
) CAP or HCAP diagnosed by blood or respiratory culture, or urine antigen. We found 18 patients with CAP and 9 HCAP due to
S. aureus
(female 33%, 66.6 ± 12.4 years-old), and 48 patients with CAP and 15 HCAP due to
S pneumoniae
(female 41%, 69.5 ± 17.5 years). Diabetes mellitus (52% vs. 24%,
p
= 0.019), hemodialysis (11% vs. 0%,
p
= 0.046), skin lesions (44% vs. 0%,
p
< 0.001), cavitary nodules (37% vs. 1.6%,
p
< 0.001) and pleural effusions (48% vs. 18%,
p
= 0.007) were more common in staphylococcal than pneumococcal group. Three patients with staphylococcal pneumonia had acute myocardial infarction. Pneumonia severity index (139 ± 52 vs. 109 ± 43,
p
= 0.005) and 30-day mortality (41% vs. 9.5%,
p
= 0.001) were higher in staphylococcal group. Multivariate analysis showed underlying disease (especially cancer and cirrhosis), risk class 4/5, altered mentality, shock and bilateral pneumonia were risk factors for 30-day mortality.</description><subject>692/499</subject><subject>692/699</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Cirrhosis</subject><subject>Community-Acquired Infections - diagnosis</subject><subject>Cross Infection - drug therapy</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia - drug therapy</subject><subject>Hemodialysis</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Liver cirrhosis</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Multivariate analysis</subject><subject>Myocardial infarction</subject><subject>Pleural effusion</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Pneumonia - drug therapy</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Staphylococcal - drug therapy</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Staphylococcal - epidemiology</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Skin diseases</subject><subject>Skin lesions</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus</subject><subject>Streptococcus infections</subject><subject>Streptococcus pneumoniae</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhiMEolXpH-CAInEOtccfiS9IaMVHpUoc6N2aOJNNliTe2glo_329m7a0F3wZe-adZzx6s-w9Z584E9VVlFyZqmAABQiQuuCvsnNgUh2f8PrZ_Sy7jHHH0lFgJDdvszOhhRBS8_Ps76bDgG6m0Me5dzHHqckH73DIU-Z33qaaDzH3be78OC5TPx8KdHdLH6g5iTvCYe4Kh4EKjNG7HudU-jXjvjskknduSdglUAr7iZbRTz2-y960OES6fIgX2e23r7ebH8XNz-_Xmy83hVOSzYVo06mqtnGqUlygrMqKmbYp68rUCGVaCVBJMtRUrROtlqBkTVqA09SguMiuV2zjcWf3oR8xHKzH3p4SPmwthrT3QFaC5FqXJXeylsoBSuI1IAKrGZJTifV5Ze2XeqTG0TQHHF5AX1amvrNb_8caLTRISICPD4Dg7xaKs935JUxpfQul4EZxU_KkglXlgo8xUPs0gTN7tN6u1ttkvT1Zb49NH57_7anl0egkEKsgptK0pfBv9n-w9305vPU</recordid><startdate>20221104</startdate><enddate>20221104</enddate><creator>Lee, Li-Na</creator><creator>Chou, Wen-Ru</creator><creator>Wang, Jann-Yuan</creator><creator>Kuo, Yen-Liang</creator><creator>Chang, Chi-Yueh</creator><creator>Lee, Yi-Chien</creator><creator>Tung, Shao-Hsien</creator><creator>Tsao, Wen-Ching</creator><creator>Chao, Ke-Yun</creator><creator>Liu, Wei-Lun</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><general>Nature Portfolio</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20221104</creationdate><title>Characteristics and local risk factors of community-acquired and health-care-associated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia</title><author>Lee, Li-Na ; Chou, Wen-Ru ; Wang, Jann-Yuan ; Kuo, Yen-Liang ; Chang, Chi-Yueh ; Lee, Yi-Chien ; Tung, Shao-Hsien ; Tsao, Wen-Ching ; Chao, Ke-Yun ; Liu, Wei-Lun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-3ffff88fdc58513a487809fd7b89ba270522a54e9ed8fc3f64254be632c6eda3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>692/499</topic><topic>692/699</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Cirrhosis</topic><topic>Community-Acquired Infections - diagnosis</topic><topic>Cross Infection - drug therapy</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health care</topic><topic>Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia - drug therapy</topic><topic>Hemodialysis</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Liver cirrhosis</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Multivariate analysis</topic><topic>Myocardial infarction</topic><topic>Pleural effusion</topic><topic>Pneumonia</topic><topic>Pneumonia - drug therapy</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Staphylococcal - drug therapy</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Staphylococcal - epidemiology</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Skin diseases</topic><topic>Skin lesions</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus</topic><topic>Streptococcus infections</topic><topic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lee, Li-Na</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chou, Wen-Ru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jann-Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuo, Yen-Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Chi-Yueh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Yi-Chien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tung, Shao-Hsien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsao, Wen-Ching</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chao, Ke-Yun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wei-Lun</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer_OA刊</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, Li-Na</au><au>Chou, Wen-Ru</au><au>Wang, Jann-Yuan</au><au>Kuo, Yen-Liang</au><au>Chang, Chi-Yueh</au><au>Lee, Yi-Chien</au><au>Tung, Shao-Hsien</au><au>Tsao, Wen-Ching</au><au>Chao, Ke-Yun</au><au>Liu, Wei-Lun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characteristics and local risk factors of community-acquired and health-care-associated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2022-11-04</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>18670</spage><epage>8</epage><pages>18670-8</pages><artnum>18670</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>This study aims at identifying characteristics, risk factors and mortality of community-acquired (CAP) and health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) by
Staphylococcus aureus
(
S
.
aureus
). We retrieved adults with
S. aureus
CAP or HCAP diagnosed by blood or pleural effusion culture in 2.6 years, and compared with those of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(
S. pneumoniae
) CAP or HCAP diagnosed by blood or respiratory culture, or urine antigen. We found 18 patients with CAP and 9 HCAP due to
S. aureus
(female 33%, 66.6 ± 12.4 years-old), and 48 patients with CAP and 15 HCAP due to
S pneumoniae
(female 41%, 69.5 ± 17.5 years). Diabetes mellitus (52% vs. 24%,
p
= 0.019), hemodialysis (11% vs. 0%,
p
= 0.046), skin lesions (44% vs. 0%,
p
< 0.001), cavitary nodules (37% vs. 1.6%,
p
< 0.001) and pleural effusions (48% vs. 18%,
p
= 0.007) were more common in staphylococcal than pneumococcal group. Three patients with staphylococcal pneumonia had acute myocardial infarction. Pneumonia severity index (139 ± 52 vs. 109 ± 43,
p
= 0.005) and 30-day mortality (41% vs. 9.5%,
p
= 0.001) were higher in staphylococcal group. Multivariate analysis showed underlying disease (especially cancer and cirrhosis), risk class 4/5, altered mentality, shock and bilateral pneumonia were risk factors for 30-day mortality.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>36333461</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-022-23246-1</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2045-2322 |
| ispartof | Scientific reports, 2022-11, Vol.12 (1), p.18670-8, Article 18670 |
| issn | 2045-2322 2045-2322 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_424166771c4b45c2a4e1b2aa20b0aec5 |
| source | NCBI_PubMed Central（免费）; Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access); Publicly Available Content (ProQuest); Springer Nature - nature.com Journals - Fully Open Access |
| subjects | 692/499 692/699 Adult Aged Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use Blood Cirrhosis Community-Acquired Infections - diagnosis Cross Infection - drug therapy Diabetes mellitus Female Health care Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia - drug therapy Hemodialysis Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Liver cirrhosis Middle Aged Mortality multidisciplinary Multivariate analysis Myocardial infarction Pleural effusion Pneumonia Pneumonia - drug therapy Pneumonia, Staphylococcal - drug therapy Pneumonia, Staphylococcal - epidemiology Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Science Science (multidisciplinary) Skin diseases Skin lesions Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus infections Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| title | Characteristics and local risk factors of community-acquired and health-care-associated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia |
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