Potassium ferrite nanoparticles on DAP to formulate slow release fertilizer with auxiliary nutrients

• Published in: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2021-06, Vol.215, p.112148, Article 112148
• Main Authors: Saleem, Ifra, Maqsood, Muhammad Aamer, Rehman, Muhammad Zia ur, Aziz, Tariq, Bhatti, Ijaz Ahmad, Ali, Shafaqat
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agriculture; Characterization; Clay; Ferric Compounds; Fertilizers - analysis; KFeO2; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanotechnology; Nitrogen; Nutrient use efficiency; Nutrients; Phosphates - chemistry; Phosphorus - chemistry; Potassium; Slow release DAP; Soil - chemistry; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction
• ISSN: 0147-6513; 1090-2414
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112148

Low use efficiency of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is major challenge of modern agriculture. Coating of conventional fertilizers with nanomaterials is a promising technique for improved nutrient use efficiency. In current study, nanoparticles (NPs) of potassium ferrite (KFeO2 NPs) were coated on di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer with three rates (2, 5, 10%) of KFeO2 NPs and were evaluated for release of N, P, K and Fe supplementation in clay loam and loam soil up to 60 days. The NPs were characterized for crystal assemblage, bond formation, morphology and configuration using the x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform-infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that size of NPs ranged between 7 and 18 nm. The controlled release of P in 10% KFeO2 nano-coated DAP was observed throughout the incubation period. The P release kept on increasing from day-1 (14.5 µg g−1) to day-60 (178.6 µg g−1) in coated DAP (10%) in loam soil. The maximum release of 50.4 µg g−1 NH4+1-N in coated DAP (10%) was observed after 30 days of incubation. The release of NO3−1-N was consistent up to 45 and 60 days in clay loam and loam soil, respectively. The average release of potassium and iron in 60 days was 19.7 µg g−1 and 7.3 µg g−1 higher in 10% coated DAP than traditional DAP in clay loam soil. It was concluded that KFeO2 nano-coated DAP supplied P and mineral N for longer period of time in both soils, and some higher coating levels should be tested in future. [Display omitted] •Low use efficiency of N and P fertilizers can be improved by use of nano-fertilizers.•The KFeO2 coated material DAP fertilizer was synthesized.•Impact of coating was evaluated and slow and stable release of P and N was observed.•The supplementation of K and Fe in soil was observed in 10% KFeO2 NPs coating rate.