Effect-based monitoring to integrate the mixture hazards of chemicals into water safety plans

Water safety plans (WSPs) are intended to assure safe drinking water (DW). WSPs involve assessing and managing risks associated with microbial, chemical, physical and radiological hazards from the catchment to the consumer. Currently, chemical hazards in WSPs are assessed by targeted chemical analys...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of water and health 2022-12, Vol.20 (12), p.1721-1732
Main Authors: Neale, Peta A, Escher, Beate I, de Baat, Milo L, Dechesne, Magali, Deere, Daniel A, Enault, Jérôme, Kools, Stefan A E, Loret, Jean-François, Smeets, Patrick W M H, Leusch, Frederic D L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bio-assays
Bioassays
Catchment area
Chemical analysis
Chemicals
Cytotoxicity
Decision making
Drinking Water
Environmental Monitoring
Frameworks
Hazard assessment
in vitro bioassays
Microorganisms
micropollutants
Mixtures
Monitoring
Risk analysis
Risk Assessment
Risk Management
Safety
Surface water
Verification
Water Quality
water quality monitoring
water safety plan
Water Supply
Water treatment
well plate-based in vivo assays
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Summary:Water safety plans (WSPs) are intended to assure safe drinking water (DW). WSPs involve assessing and managing risks associated with microbial, chemical, physical and radiological hazards from the catchment to the consumer. Currently, chemical hazards in WSPs are assessed by targeted chemical analysis, but this approach fails to account for the mixture effects of the many chemicals potentially present in water supplies and omits the possible effects of non-targeted chemicals. Consequently, effect-based monitoring (EBM) using in vitro bioassays and well plate-based in vivo assays are proposed as a complementary tool to targeted chemical analysis to support risk analysis, risk management and water quality verification within the WSP framework. EBM is frequently applied to DW and surface water and can be utilised in all defined monitoring categories within the WSP framework (including 'system assessment', 'validation', 'operational' and 'verification'). Examples of how EBM can be applied within the different WSP modules are provided, along with guidance on where to apply EBM and how frequently. Since this is a new area, guidance documents, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and decision-making frameworks are required for both bioassay operators and WSP teams to facilitate the integration of EBM into WSPs, with these resources being developed currently.
ISSN:1477-8920
1996-7829
DOI:10.2166/wh.2022.165