Analysis of Race and Gender Disparities in Mortality Trends from Patients Diagnosed with Nasopharyngeal, Oropharyngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer from 2000 to 2017

• Published in: International journal of general medicine 2021-01, Vol.14, p.6315-6323
• Main Authors: Chiruvella, Varsha, Guddati, Achuta Kumar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: African Americans; Age; Alcohol; Analysis; Cancer; Epidemiology; Females; Gender; Head & neck cancer; Human papillomavirus; India; Infections; Males; Medical prognosis; Minority & ethnic groups; Mortality; Native Americans; Native North Americans; Oncology, Experimental; Original Research; Pacific Islander people; Patient outcomes; Patients; Population; Race; Risk factors; Squamous cell carcinoma; Surveillance; Throat cancer; Tobacco; Trends; White people
• ISSN: 1178-7074; 1178-7074
• DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S301837

Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx constitutes a majority of head neck malignancies. The incidence-based mortality across different races has been noted to be divergent. This study analyzes the trend in incidence-based mortality from the years 2000 to 2017 amongst both the genders in Caucasian/White and African American/Black patients. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database was queried to conduct a nation-wide analysis for the years 2000 to 2017. Incidence-based mortality for all stages of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer was queried and the results were grouped by race (Caucasian/White, African American/Black, American Indian/Alaskan native and Asian/Pacific Islander) and gender. All stages and ages were included in the analysis. -test was used to determine statistically significant differences between various subgroups. Linearized trend lines were used to visualize the mortality trends of all sub groups. Across all races, the male to female gender disparity in mortality was ~1:3 in patients with nasopharynx and became worse to ~1:4 and ~1:5 for patients with oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers, respectively. Notably, the highest incidence-based mortality for nasopharyngeal cancers is seen in Asian/pacific Islander males and a similar peak is noted for hypopharyngeal cancers in African American/Black males. Incidence-based mortality rates (per 1000) for nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer of all races and both the genders was noted to be divergent. A significant gender disparity exists in all three pharyngeal cancers across all races. It is unclear if female gender is protective but further study is warranted in a stage-specific and age-specific manner to better understand this disparity.