Differences in occupational stress by smoking intensity and gender in cross-sectional study of 59 355 Japanese employees using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ): the Niigata Wellness Study

ObjectivesIt has been hypothesised that smoking intensity may be related to occupational stress. This study aimed to investigate whether stress, including problems with superiors or co-workers, is a driver of smoking.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participants59 355 employees (34 865 men an...

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Published in:BMJ open 2022-04, Vol.12 (4), p.e055577-e055577
Main Authors: Tashiro, Shigemi, Kato, Kiminori, Kitazawa, Masaru, Fujihara, Kazuya, Kodama, Satoru, Tashiro, Minoru, Matsuda, Kazuhiro, Otsuka, Masato, Sato, Koji, Sone, Hirohito
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Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Cigarettes
Cross-Sectional Studies
Employees
Female
Gender
Humans
Japan - epidemiology
Male
Manufacturing industry
Mental health
occupational & industrial medicine
Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Occupational health
Occupational stress
Occupational Stress - epidemiology
Personal health
preventive medicine
Public health
Questionnaires
Smoking
Smoking - epidemiology
Smoking cessation
Social support
Stress
Stress, Psychological
Surveys and Questionnaires
Womens health
Work environment
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creator Tashiro, Shigemi
Kato, Kiminori
Kitazawa, Masaru
Fujihara, Kazuya
Kodama, Satoru
Tashiro, Minoru
Matsuda, Kazuhiro
Otsuka, Masato
Sato, Koji
Sone, Hirohito
description ObjectivesIt has been hypothesised that smoking intensity may be related to occupational stress. This study aimed to investigate whether stress, including problems with superiors or co-workers, is a driver of smoking.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participants59 355 employees (34 865 men and 24 490 women) across multiple occupations who completed a self-reported questionnaire-based occupational stress survey between April 2016 and March 2017 in Niigata Prefecture.Main outcome measuresStress scores for the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire subscales summed up after assigning high points for high stress and converted to Z-scores based on the mean of all participants. Heavy smokers (HS) smoked ≥15 cigarettes/day and light smokers (LS) smoked
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This study aimed to investigate whether stress, including problems with superiors or co-workers, is a driver of smoking.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participants59 355 employees (34 865 men and 24 490 women) across multiple occupations who completed a self-reported questionnaire-based occupational stress survey between April 2016 and March 2017 in Niigata Prefecture.Main outcome measuresStress scores for the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire subscales summed up after assigning high points for high stress and converted to Z-scores based on the mean of all participants. Heavy smokers (HS) smoked ≥15 cigarettes/day and light smokers (LS) smoked &lt;15 cigarettes/day and were compared with non-smokers (NS) by gender.ResultsThe main subscale items that were significantly associated with smoking status in both genders included ‘physical burden’, ‘irritation’ and ‘physical symptoms’. In the analysis that included smoking intensity, the stress score for ‘co-workers’ support’ was significantly lower for LS men than NS men (NS 0.091±0.98, LS −0.027±1.00, HS 0.033±0.99), and was significantly higher for HS women than NS women (NS −0.091±1.00, LS −0.080±1.05, HS 0.079±1.03). However, the stress score for ‘co-workers’ support’ was low among LS women aged ≤39 years in the manufacturing industry.ConclusionsIt was speculated that LS men and some LS women gained ‘co-workers’ support’ using smoking as a communication tool while reducing the degree of smoking. The existence of such ‘social smokers’ suggested that to promote smoking cessation, measures are essential to improve the communication between workers in addition to implementing smoking restrictions in the workplace.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2044-6055</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2044-6055</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055577</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35396288</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><subject>Age ; Cigarettes ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Employees ; Female ; Gender ; Humans ; Japan - epidemiology ; Male ; Manufacturing industry ; Mental health ; occupational &amp; industrial medicine ; Occupational and Environmental Medicine ; Occupational health ; Occupational stress ; Occupational Stress - epidemiology ; Personal health ; preventive medicine ; Public health ; Questionnaires ; Smoking ; Smoking - epidemiology ; Smoking cessation ; Social support ; Stress ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Womens health ; Work environment</subject><ispartof>BMJ open, 2022-04, Vol.12 (4), p.e055577-e055577</ispartof><rights>Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.</rights><rights>2022 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ . Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b605t-ada3d58ff8c9ce232ad226415a0c22596a044b04fba2e0c50398edbc9a545c153</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b605t-ada3d58ff8c9ce232ad226415a0c22596a044b04fba2e0c50398edbc9a545c153</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6725-4169 ; 0000-0003-1263-2817</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2648624765/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2648624765?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,3194,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,55341,55350,75126,77596,77597,77660,77686</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35396288$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tashiro, Shigemi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kato, Kiminori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kitazawa, Masaru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujihara, Kazuya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kodama, Satoru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tashiro, Minoru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsuda, Kazuhiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otsuka, Masato</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sato, Koji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sone, Hirohito</creatorcontrib><title>Differences in occupational stress by smoking intensity and gender in cross-sectional study of 59 355 Japanese employees using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ): the Niigata Wellness Study</title><title>BMJ open</title><addtitle>BMJ Open</addtitle><addtitle>BMJ Open</addtitle><description>ObjectivesIt has been hypothesised that smoking intensity may be related to occupational stress. This study aimed to investigate whether stress, including problems with superiors or co-workers, is a driver of smoking.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participants59 355 employees (34 865 men and 24 490 women) across multiple occupations who completed a self-reported questionnaire-based occupational stress survey between April 2016 and March 2017 in Niigata Prefecture.Main outcome measuresStress scores for the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire subscales summed up after assigning high points for high stress and converted to Z-scores based on the mean of all participants. Heavy smokers (HS) smoked ≥15 cigarettes/day and light smokers (LS) smoked &lt;15 cigarettes/day and were compared with non-smokers (NS) by gender.ResultsThe main subscale items that were significantly associated with smoking status in both genders included ‘physical burden’, ‘irritation’ and ‘physical symptoms’. In the analysis that included smoking intensity, the stress score for ‘co-workers’ support’ was significantly lower for LS men than NS men (NS 0.091±0.98, LS −0.027±1.00, HS 0.033±0.99), and was significantly higher for HS women than NS women (NS −0.091±1.00, LS −0.080±1.05, HS 0.079±1.03). However, the stress score for ‘co-workers’ support’ was low among LS women aged ≤39 years in the manufacturing industry.ConclusionsIt was speculated that LS men and some LS women gained ‘co-workers’ support’ using smoking as a communication tool while reducing the degree of smoking. The existence of such ‘social smokers’ suggested that to promote smoking cessation, measures are essential to improve the communication between workers in addition to implementing smoking restrictions in the workplace.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Cigarettes</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Employees</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Japan - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Manufacturing industry</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>occupational &amp; industrial medicine</subject><subject>Occupational and Environmental Medicine</subject><subject>Occupational health</subject><subject>Occupational stress</subject><subject>Occupational Stress - epidemiology</subject><subject>Personal health</subject><subject>preventive medicine</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Smoking cessation</subject><subject>Social support</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><subject>Work environment</subject><issn>2044-6055</issn><issn>2044-6055</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>9YT</sourceid><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kstu1DAUhiMEolXpEyAhS2zKIjRx7FxYINFy66gCVQNiaZ04J1MPiR3sBCnvx4NhT4ahZUEWuTjf_5_j3yeKnqbJyzTN8vO635oBdUwTmsYJ57woHkTHNGEszv3nwzvvR9Gpc9vEX4xXnNPH0VHGsyqnZXkc_Xqr2hYtaomOKE2MlNMAozIaOuJGi86ReiauN9-V3nhiRO3UOBPQDdmgbtAGmbTGudihPCinZiamJbwiGedkBQNodEiwHzozoy82uWA43iK5sApbsjI1WS8FbyZ0wUiDskjOLlbrmxevdugnpTYwAvmGXacDug6FnkSPWugcnu6fJ9HX9---XH6Mrz9_uLp8cx3XPocxhgayhpdtW8pKIs0oNJTmLOWQSEp5lYOPrE5YWwPFRPIkq0psalkBZ1ymPDuJrhbfxsBWDFb1YGdhQIndgrEbAXZUskPBMoaslggFtAxT6e81-qWyYLJpMHi9XryGqe6xkahHC9090_t_tLoVG_NTlFXlW6Xe4GxvYM2PEJjolZM-Fx-0mZzwOyvLABYeff4PujWT9ee0UDllRR46yhZqd5gW20MzaSLC0In90IkwdGIZOq96dncfB82fEfPA-QJ49d-6_7P8DROx5-U</recordid><startdate>20220408</startdate><enddate>20220408</enddate><creator>Tashiro, Shigemi</creator><creator>Kato, Kiminori</creator><creator>Kitazawa, Masaru</creator><creator>Fujihara, Kazuya</creator><creator>Kodama, Satoru</creator><creator>Tashiro, Minoru</creator><creator>Matsuda, Kazuhiro</creator><creator>Otsuka, Masato</creator><creator>Sato, Koji</creator><creator>Sone, Hirohito</creator><general>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><scope>9YT</scope><scope>ACMMV</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6725-4169</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1263-2817</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220408</creationdate><title>Differences in occupational stress by smoking intensity and gender in cross-sectional study of 59 355 Japanese employees using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ): the Niigata Wellness Study</title><author>Tashiro, Shigemi ; Kato, Kiminori ; Kitazawa, Masaru ; Fujihara, Kazuya ; Kodama, Satoru ; Tashiro, Minoru ; Matsuda, Kazuhiro ; Otsuka, Masato ; Sato, Koji ; Sone, Hirohito</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b605t-ada3d58ff8c9ce232ad226415a0c22596a044b04fba2e0c50398edbc9a545c153</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Cigarettes</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Employees</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Japan - epidemiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Manufacturing industry</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>occupational &amp; industrial medicine</topic><topic>Occupational and Environmental Medicine</topic><topic>Occupational health</topic><topic>Occupational stress</topic><topic>Occupational Stress - epidemiology</topic><topic>Personal health</topic><topic>preventive medicine</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>Smoking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Smoking cessation</topic><topic>Social support</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><topic>Work environment</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tashiro, Shigemi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kato, Kiminori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kitazawa, Masaru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujihara, Kazuya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kodama, Satoru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tashiro, Minoru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsuda, Kazuhiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otsuka, Masato</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sato, Koji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sone, Hirohito</creatorcontrib><collection>BMJ Open Access Journals</collection><collection>BMJ Journals:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; 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Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>BMJ open</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tashiro, Shigemi</au><au>Kato, Kiminori</au><au>Kitazawa, Masaru</au><au>Fujihara, Kazuya</au><au>Kodama, Satoru</au><au>Tashiro, Minoru</au><au>Matsuda, Kazuhiro</au><au>Otsuka, Masato</au><au>Sato, Koji</au><au>Sone, Hirohito</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Differences in occupational stress by smoking intensity and gender in cross-sectional study of 59 355 Japanese employees using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ): the Niigata Wellness Study</atitle><jtitle>BMJ open</jtitle><stitle>BMJ Open</stitle><addtitle>BMJ Open</addtitle><date>2022-04-08</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e055577</spage><epage>e055577</epage><pages>e055577-e055577</pages><issn>2044-6055</issn><eissn>2044-6055</eissn><abstract>ObjectivesIt has been hypothesised that smoking intensity may be related to occupational stress. This study aimed to investigate whether stress, including problems with superiors or co-workers, is a driver of smoking.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participants59 355 employees (34 865 men and 24 490 women) across multiple occupations who completed a self-reported questionnaire-based occupational stress survey between April 2016 and March 2017 in Niigata Prefecture.Main outcome measuresStress scores for the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire subscales summed up after assigning high points for high stress and converted to Z-scores based on the mean of all participants. Heavy smokers (HS) smoked ≥15 cigarettes/day and light smokers (LS) smoked &lt;15 cigarettes/day and were compared with non-smokers (NS) by gender.ResultsThe main subscale items that were significantly associated with smoking status in both genders included ‘physical burden’, ‘irritation’ and ‘physical symptoms’. In the analysis that included smoking intensity, the stress score for ‘co-workers’ support’ was significantly lower for LS men than NS men (NS 0.091±0.98, LS −0.027±1.00, HS 0.033±0.99), and was significantly higher for HS women than NS women (NS −0.091±1.00, LS −0.080±1.05, HS 0.079±1.03). However, the stress score for ‘co-workers’ support’ was low among LS women aged ≤39 years in the manufacturing industry.ConclusionsIt was speculated that LS men and some LS women gained ‘co-workers’ support’ using smoking as a communication tool while reducing the degree of smoking. The existence of such ‘social smokers’ suggested that to promote smoking cessation, measures are essential to improve the communication between workers in addition to implementing smoking restrictions in the workplace.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</pub><pmid>35396288</pmid><doi>10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055577</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6725-4169</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1263-2817</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Age
Cigarettes
Cross-Sectional Studies
Employees
Female
Gender
Humans
Japan - epidemiology
Male
Manufacturing industry
Mental health
occupational & industrial medicine
Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Occupational health
Occupational stress
Occupational Stress - epidemiology
Personal health
preventive medicine
Public health
Questionnaires
Smoking
Smoking - epidemiology
Smoking cessation
Social support
Stress
Stress, Psychological
Surveys and Questionnaires
Womens health
Work environment
title Differences in occupational stress by smoking intensity and gender in cross-sectional study of 59 355 Japanese employees using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ): the Niigata Wellness Study
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