Lipid Droplets, Phospholipase A2, Arachidonic Acid, and Atherosclerosis

Lipid droplets, classically regarded as static storage organelles, are currently considered as dynamic structures involved in key processes of lipid metabolism, cellular homeostasis and signaling. Studies on the inflammatory state of atherosclerotic plaques suggest that circulating monocytes interac...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines 2021-12, Vol.9 (12), p.1891
Main Authors: Bermúdez, Miguel A., Balboa, María A., Balsinde, Jesús
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arachidonic acid
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Biosynthesis
Eicosanoids
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endothelial cells
Enzymes
Fatty acids
Homeostasis
Inflammation
lipid droplet
lipid mediators
Lipid metabolism
lipid signaling
Lipids
Macrophages
Metabolism
Mitochondria
Monocytes
Organelles
Phenotypes
Phospholipase A2
Phospholipids
Plaques
Proteins
Review
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Summary:Lipid droplets, classically regarded as static storage organelles, are currently considered as dynamic structures involved in key processes of lipid metabolism, cellular homeostasis and signaling. Studies on the inflammatory state of atherosclerotic plaques suggest that circulating monocytes interact with products released by endothelial cells and may acquire a foamy phenotype before crossing the endothelial barrier and differentiating into macrophages. One such compound released in significant amounts into the bloodstream is arachidonic acid, the common precursor of eicosanoids, and a potent inducer of neutral lipid synthesis and lipid droplet formation in circulating monocytes. Members of the family of phospholipase A2, which hydrolyze the fatty acid present at the sn-2 position of phospholipids, have recently emerged as key controllers of lipid droplet homeostasis, regulating their formation and the availability of fatty acids for lipid mediator production. In this paper we discuss recent findings related to lipid droplet dynamics in immune cells and the ways these organelles are involved in regulating arachidonic acid availability and metabolism in the context of atherosclerosis.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines9121891