Effects of in vitro brevetoxin exposure on apoptosis and cellular metabolism in a leukemic T cell line (Jurkat)

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, produce red tide toxins, or brevetoxins. Significant health effects associated with red tide toxin exposure have been reported in sea life and in humans, with brevetoxins documented within immune cells from many species. The ob...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine drugs 2008-06, Vol.6 (2), p.291-307
Main Authors: Walsh, Catherine J, Leggett, Stephanie R, Strohbehn, Kathryn, Pierce, Richard H, Sleasman, John W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apoptosis - drug effects
brevetoxin
Caspase 3 - metabolism
Cell Proliferation - drug effects
Cell Survival - drug effects
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Humans
immunotoxicity
Jurkat Cells
Karenia brevis
Marine Toxins - immunology
Marine Toxins - toxicity
Oxocins - immunology
Oxocins - toxicity
red tide
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Summary:Harmful algal blooms (HABs) of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, produce red tide toxins, or brevetoxins. Significant health effects associated with red tide toxin exposure have been reported in sea life and in humans, with brevetoxins documented within immune cells from many species. The objective of this research was to investigate potential immunotoxic effects of brevetoxins using a leukemic T cell line (Jurkat) as an in vitro model system. Viability, cell proliferation, and apoptosis assays were conducted using brevetoxin congeners PbTx-2, PbTx-3, and PbTx-6. The effects of in vitro brevetoxin exposure on cell viability and cellular metabolism or proliferation were determined using trypan blue and MTT (1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan), respectively. Using MTT, cellular metabolic activity was decreased in Jurkat cells exposed to 5 - 10 microg/ml PbTx-2 or PbTx-6. After 3 h, no significant effects on cell viability were observed with any toxin congener in concentrations up to 10 microg/ml. Viability decreased dramatically after 24 h in cells treated with PbTx-2 or -6. Apoptosis, as measured by caspase-3 activity, was significantly increased in cells exposed to PbTx-2 or PbTx-6. In summary, brevetoxin congeners varied in effects on Jurkat cells, with PbTx-2 and PbTx-6 eliciting greater cellular effects compared to PbTx-3.
ISSN:1660-3397
1660-3397
DOI:10.3390/md6020291