Simultaneous automatic electrochemical detection of zinc, cadmium, copper and lead ions in environmental samples using a thin-film mercury electrode and an artificial neural network

In this study a device for automatic electrochemical analysis was designed. A three electrodes detection system was attached to a positioning device, which enabled us to move the electrode system from one well to another of a microtitre plate. Disposable carbon tip electrodes were used for Cd(II), C...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2015-01, Vol.15 (1), p.592-610
Main Authors: Kudr, Jiri, Nguyen, Hoai Viet, Gumulec, Jaromir, Nejdl, Lukas, Blazkova, Iva, Ruttkay-Nedecky, Branislav, Hynek, David, Kynicky, Jindrich, Adam, Vojtech, Kizek, Rene
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Artificial neural networks
artificial neuronal network
Automation
Cadmium
Cadmium - blood
Calibration
Carbon
Chickens
Copper
Copper - blood
electrochemical detection
Electrochemistry - methods
Electrodes
Electronic mail systems
Embryos
Environment
environmental analysis
Geologic Sediments - chemistry
Heavy metals
Humans
Ions
Lead - blood
Mercury
Mercury (metal)
Mercury - chemistry
metal ions
Metals, Heavy - analysis
Metals, Heavy - blood
Neural networks
Neural Networks (Computer)
Regression Analysis
robotic device
Robotics
Scientific imaging
Sensors
Thin films
Titanium alloys
Trends
Voltammetry
Zinc
Zinc - blood
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Summary:In this study a device for automatic electrochemical analysis was designed. A three electrodes detection system was attached to a positioning device, which enabled us to move the electrode system from one well to another of a microtitre plate. Disposable carbon tip electrodes were used for Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) ion quantification, while Zn(II) did not give signal in this electrode configuration. In order to detect all mentioned heavy metals simultaneously, thin-film mercury electrodes (TFME) were fabricated by electrodeposition of mercury on the surface of carbon tips. In comparison with bare electrodes the TMFEs had lower detection limits and better sensitivity. In addition to pure aqueous heavy metal solutions, the assay was also performed on mineralized rock samples, artificial blood plasma samples and samples of chicken embryo organs treated with cadmium. An artificial neural network was created to evaluate the concentrations of the mentioned heavy metals correctly in mixture samples and an excellent fit was observed (R2 = 0.9933).
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s150100592