The Present and Future Aspects of Life-Long Pertussis Prevention: Narrative Review with Regional Perspectives for Türkiye

• Published in: Infectious diseases and therapy 2023-11, Vol.12 (11), p.2495-2512
• Main Authors: Pehlivan, Tamer, Dinleyici, Ener Cagri, Kara, Ateş, Kurugöl, Zafer, Tezer, Hasan, Aksakal, Nur Baran, Biri, Aydan, Azap, Alpay
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antibodies; Burden; Epidemiology; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Internal Medicine; Life-long prevention; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Pandemics; Pertussis; Prevention; Public health; Review; Surveillance; Tetanus antitoxin; Vaccination; Vaccines; Viral antibodies; Whooping cough
• ISSN: 2193-8229; 2193-6382
• DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00876-0

Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis , remains one of the most widespread, contagious, and vaccine-preventable diseases. It results in notable morbidity and mortality as well as severe medical, social, and economic burden. Despite high global vaccine coverage, pertussis continues to be a significant epidemiologic problem, with outbreak episodes every few years just as in the pre-vaccination era. In Türkiye, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the current burden of pertussis in different age and risk groups, leading to underdiagnosis and underreporting of the disease, especially in adults who are often not considered at risk. Available data from Türkiye also reveal inadequate levels of protective antibodies in preterm newborns, emphasizing the need for additional preventive measures. Authors stated that improving physician awareness of pertussis symptoms in patients with prolonged cough, increasing access to routine pertussis tests, and conducting surveillance studies would aid in accurate diagnosis and reporting in Türkiye. As the Turkish Ministry of Health Antenatal Care Management Guide suggests routine second and third pregnancy check-up visits at weeks 18–24 and 28–32 correspondingly, this period can be considered the ideal vaccination time for Türkiye. Introducing a booster dose of Tdap at around 10 years of age or during national military service would reduce transmission and protect susceptible individuals. Identifying individuals at high risk of severe pertussis and prioritizing them for a booster dose is also crucial in Türkiye. Enhancing surveillance systems, increasing healthcare professionals’ awareness through training, and organizing catch-up visits for missed vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic are mentioned as additional strategies to improve pertussis prevention in Türkiye. This review focuses on the global and regional burden of pertussis and obstacles to effective prevention and evaluates existing strategies to achieve lifelong pertussis prevention. Literature and current strategies were also discussed from a Turkish national standpoint.