Investigating the Origin and Evolution of Polyploid Trifolium medium L. Karyotype by Comparative Cytogenomic Methods

L. is a wild polyploid relative of the agriculturally important red clover that possesses traits promising for breeding purposes. To date, also remains the only clover species with which agriculturally important red clover has successfully been hybridized. Even though allopolyploid origin has previo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plants (Basel) 2023-01, Vol.12 (2), p.235
Main Authors: Lukjanová, Eliška, Hanulíková, Alžběta, Řepková, Jana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
26S rDNA
5S rDNA
Artificial chromosomes
centromeric repeat
Chromosome rearrangements
clover
Cluster analysis
Comparative analysis
Diploids
Ecotypes
Fluorescence
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
fluorescent in situ hybridization
Genomes
Hybridization
Karyotypes
Localization
Polyploidy
Red clover
Satellite DNA
Trifolium medium
Trifolium pratense
zigzag clover
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Summary:L. is a wild polyploid relative of the agriculturally important red clover that possesses traits promising for breeding purposes. To date, also remains the only clover species with which agriculturally important red clover has successfully been hybridized. Even though allopolyploid origin has previously been suggested, little has in fact been known about the karyotype and its origin. We researched and related karyotypes using comparative cytogenomic methods, such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and RepeatExplorer cluster analysis. The results indicate an exceptional karyotype diversity regarding numbers and mutual positions of 5S and 26S rDNA loci and centromeric repeats in populations of ecotypes and varieties. The observed variability among ecotypes and varieties suggests current karyotype instability that can be attributed to ever-ongoing battle between satellite DNA together with genomic changes and rearrangements enhanced by post-hybridization events. Comparative cytogenomic analyses of a hexaploid variety and diploid relatives revealed stable karyotypes with a possible case of chromosomal rearrangement. Moreover, the results provided evidence of having autopolyploid origin.
ISSN:2223-7747
2223-7747
DOI:10.3390/plants12020235