B Cells in Neuroinflammation: New Perspectives and Mechanistic Insights

In recent years, the role of B cells in neurological disorders has substantially expanded our perspectives on mechanisms of neuroinflammation. The success of B cell-depleting therapies in patients with CNS diseases such as neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis has highlighted the importance of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-06, Vol.10 (7), p.1605
Main Authors: Ahn, Julie J, Abu-Rub, Mohammad, Miller, Robert H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Animals
Antibodies
Antigen presentation
Autoimmune diseases
B cell
B-Lymphocytes - immunology
Blood-brain barrier
Brain - pathology
Cytokines
Cytokines - metabolism
Humans
Immune system
Immunomodulation
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - pathology
Inflammatory diseases
Lymphatic system
Lymphocyte Activation - immunology
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes B
Medical research
Models, Biological
Multiple sclerosis
Nervous system
Neurodegenerative diseases
neuroinflammation
Neurological diseases
Neurological disorders
Neuromyelitis
Neuronal-glial interactions
Parkinson’s disease
Review
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:In recent years, the role of B cells in neurological disorders has substantially expanded our perspectives on mechanisms of neuroinflammation. The success of B cell-depleting therapies in patients with CNS diseases such as neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis has highlighted the importance of neuroimmune crosstalk in inflammatory processes. While B cells are essential for the adaptive immune system and antibody production, they are also major contributors of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses in a number of inflammatory diseases. B cells can contribute to neurological diseases through peripheral immune mechanisms, including production of cytokines and antibodies, or through CNS mechanisms following compartmentalization. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant pro- or anti-inflammatory B cell populations contribute to neurological processes, including glial activation, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on B cell involvement in neuroinflammatory diseases and discuss evidence to support pathogenic immunomodulatory functions of B cells in neurological disorders, highlighting the importance of B cell-directed therapies.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells10071605