What determines eukaryotic translation elongation: recent molecular and quantitative analyses of protein synthesis

Protein synthesis from mRNA is an energy-intensive and tightly controlled cellular process. Translation elongation is a well-coordinated, multifactorial step in translation that undergoes dynamic regulation owing to cellular state and environmental determinants. Recent studies involving genome-wide...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Open biology 2020-12, Vol.10 (12), p.200292-200292
Main Authors: Neelagandan, Nagammal, Lamberti, Irene, Carvalho, Hugo J F, Gobet, Cédric, Naef, Felix
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
eif5a
Eukaryotic Cells - physiology
Humans
mathematical modelling
Models, Biological
Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational
Protein Biosynthesis - physiology
protein synthesis
Review
Ribosomes - metabolism
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
RNA, Transfer - genetics
RNA, Transfer - metabolism
suntag imaging
tasep
translation elongation
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Summary:Protein synthesis from mRNA is an energy-intensive and tightly controlled cellular process. Translation elongation is a well-coordinated, multifactorial step in translation that undergoes dynamic regulation owing to cellular state and environmental determinants. Recent studies involving genome-wide approaches have uncovered some crucial aspects of translation elongation including the mRNA itself and the nascent polypeptide chain. Additionally, these studies have fuelled quantitative and mathematical modelling of translation elongation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the key determinants of translation elongation. We discuss consequences of ribosome stalling or collision, and how the cells regulate translation in case of such events. Next, we review theoretical approaches and widely used mathematical models that have become an essential ingredient to interpret complex molecular datasets and study translation dynamics quantitatively. Finally, we review recent advances in live-cell reporter and related analysis techniques, to monitor the translation dynamics of single cells and single-mRNA molecules in real time.
ISSN:2046-2441
2046-2441
DOI:10.1098/rsob.200292