Relationships between extreme flows and microbial contamination in inland recreational swimming areas

Inland recreational swimming sites provide significant social value globally. This study focused on public recreational swimming sites across the Murrumbidgee River and its tributaries in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) throughout the swimming season (September-April) from 2009 to 2020 to det...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of water and health 2022-05, Vol.20 (5), p.781-793
Main Authors: Vincent, Kathryn, Starrs, Danswell, Wansink, Victoria, Waters, Natasha, Lal, Aparna
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Australia
Bacteria
Biological contamination
Climate change
Enterococcus
extreme flows
Extreme weather
Gastrointestinal diseases
Health risk assessment
Health risks
High flow
inland rivers
Intestine
Low flow
Microbial contamination
Microorganisms
Precipitation
primary contact
Public health
Rainfall
Recreation
Recreation areas
Recreational swimming
Rivers
Stream flow
Swimming
Traffic
Tributaries
Turbidity
Water Microbiology
Water quality
Water temperature
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Summary:Inland recreational swimming sites provide significant social value globally. This study focused on public recreational swimming sites across the Murrumbidgee River and its tributaries in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) throughout the swimming season (September-April) from 2009 to 2020 to determine whether high intestinal enterococci concentrations could be predicted with flow exceedance and routinely monitored physical and chemical parameters of water quality. Enterococci concentrations were positively correlated with the turbidity associated with high-flow conditions. The predictive accuracy of high enterococci levels during high-flow conditions was good (mean percentage correctly classified, 60%). The prediction of high enterococci levels at low flows was significantly less reliable (mean percentage correctly classified, 12-15%). As the ACT is expected to experience decreases in rainfall overall but increases in extreme rainfall events due to climate change, understanding the drivers of elevated intestinal enterococci under extreme flow conditions remains important from a public health perspective.
ISSN:1477-8920
1996-7829
DOI:10.2166/WH.2022.294