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Novel Synthetic Routes to Prepare Biologically Active Quinoxalines and Their Derivatives: A Synthetic Review for the Last Two Decades
Quinoxalines, a class of -heterocyclic compounds, are important biological agents, and a significant amount of research activity has been directed towards this class. They have several prominent pharmacological effects like antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and antimicrobial. Quinoxaline derivat...
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| Published in: | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-02, Vol.26 (4), p.1055 |
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| creator | Khatoon, Hena Abdulmalek, Emilia |
| description | Quinoxalines, a class of
-heterocyclic compounds, are important biological agents, and a significant amount of research activity has been directed towards this class. They have several prominent pharmacological effects like antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and antimicrobial. Quinoxaline derivatives have diverse therapeutic uses and have become the crucial component in drugs used to treat cancerous cells, AIDS, plant viruses, schizophrenia, certifying them a great future in medicinal chemistry. Due to the current pandemic situation caused by SARS-COVID 19, it has become essential to synthesize drugs to combat deadly pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses) for now and near future. Since quinoxalines is an essential moiety to treat infectious diseases, numerous synthetic routes have been developed by researchers, with a prime focus on green chemistry and cost-effective methods. This review paper highlights the various synthetic routes to prepare quinoxaline and its derivatives, covering the literature for the last two decades. A total of 31 schemes have been explained using the green chemistry approach, cost-effective methods, and quinoxaline derivatives' therapeutic uses. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/molecules26041055 |
| format | article |
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-heterocyclic compounds, are important biological agents, and a significant amount of research activity has been directed towards this class. They have several prominent pharmacological effects like antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and antimicrobial. Quinoxaline derivatives have diverse therapeutic uses and have become the crucial component in drugs used to treat cancerous cells, AIDS, plant viruses, schizophrenia, certifying them a great future in medicinal chemistry. Due to the current pandemic situation caused by SARS-COVID 19, it has become essential to synthesize drugs to combat deadly pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses) for now and near future. Since quinoxalines is an essential moiety to treat infectious diseases, numerous synthetic routes have been developed by researchers, with a prime focus on green chemistry and cost-effective methods. This review paper highlights the various synthetic routes to prepare quinoxaline and its derivatives, covering the literature for the last two decades. A total of 31 schemes have been explained using the green chemistry approach, cost-effective methods, and quinoxaline derivatives' therapeutic uses.</description><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Antiviral agents</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Biological activity</subject><subject>biological applications</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Catalysis</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - drug therapy</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Fungicides</subject><subject>Green chemistry</subject><subject>Heterocyclic compounds</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Plant cells</subject><subject>Plant viruses</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Quinoxaline</subject><subject>Quinoxalines</subject><subject>Quinoxalines - chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Quinoxalines - chemistry</subject><subject>Quinoxalines - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Reagents</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>SAR</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism</subject><subject>Schizophrenia</subject><subject>Solvents</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><issn>1420-3049</issn><issn>1420-3049</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>COVID</sourceid><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNplks1uEzEQgFcIREvhAbggS1y4BPy_aw5IoRSoFPGbu-XYs4kjZ53au9vmAXhvHFKqFCRLtsbffJ6xpqqeE_yaMYXfbGIAOwTIVGJOsBAPqlPCKZ4wzNXDo_NJ9STnNcaUcCIeVyeMyRpzJk-rX1_iCAH93HX9Cnpv0Y849JBRH9G3BFuTAL33McSltyaEHZra3o-Avg--izcm-K6wpnNovgKf0AdIfjR7Ir9F02MrjB6uURsTKhE0M7lH8-tYEqxxkJ9Wj1oTMjy73c-q-ceL-fnnyezrp8vz6WxiuWL9hFCLJZGKCUmlq42izDbG1I5CLaUyRMlG1LUB0UhhGQjnFg4atSgctQ07qy4PWhfNWm-T35i009F4_ScQ01KbVMoNoLlonbMcCwUNl7wpz7SmVZTbBV-A4MX17uDaDosNOAtdn0y4J71_0_mVXsZR16VqQmkRvLoVpHg1QO71xmcLIZgO4pA15aopXTeKFPTlP-g6DqkrP7Wn9ktiVihyoGyKOSdo74ohWO_nRf83LyXnxXEXdxl_B4T9Bl57v7I</recordid><startdate>20210218</startdate><enddate>20210218</enddate><creator>Khatoon, Hena</creator><creator>Abdulmalek, Emilia</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-625X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210218</creationdate><title>Novel Synthetic Routes to Prepare Biologically Active Quinoxalines and Their Derivatives: A Synthetic Review for the Last Two Decades</title><author>Khatoon, Hena ; Abdulmalek, Emilia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-12c0616935626d7a923c8aa7d2e7669a1968577ae5865c3e5ddbde89b23c2c83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Alcohol</topic><topic>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</topic><topic>Antimicrobial agents</topic><topic>Antiviral agents</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - chemistry</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Biological activity</topic><topic>biological applications</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Catalysis</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - drug therapy</topic><topic>COVID-19 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Fungi</topic><topic>Fungicides</topic><topic>Green chemistry</topic><topic>Heterocyclic compounds</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Mental disorders</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Plant cells</topic><topic>Plant viruses</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Quinoxaline</topic><topic>Quinoxalines</topic><topic>Quinoxalines - chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Quinoxalines - chemistry</topic><topic>Quinoxalines - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Reagents</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>SAR</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism</topic><topic>Schizophrenia</topic><topic>Solvents</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Khatoon, Hena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdulmalek, Emilia</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Medical collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Khatoon, Hena</au><au>Abdulmalek, Emilia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Novel Synthetic Routes to Prepare Biologically Active Quinoxalines and Their Derivatives: A Synthetic Review for the Last Two Decades</atitle><jtitle>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle><addtitle>Molecules</addtitle><date>2021-02-18</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1055</spage><pages>1055-</pages><issn>1420-3049</issn><eissn>1420-3049</eissn><abstract>Quinoxalines, a class of
-heterocyclic compounds, are important biological agents, and a significant amount of research activity has been directed towards this class. They have several prominent pharmacological effects like antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and antimicrobial. Quinoxaline derivatives have diverse therapeutic uses and have become the crucial component in drugs used to treat cancerous cells, AIDS, plant viruses, schizophrenia, certifying them a great future in medicinal chemistry. Due to the current pandemic situation caused by SARS-COVID 19, it has become essential to synthesize drugs to combat deadly pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses) for now and near future. Since quinoxalines is an essential moiety to treat infectious diseases, numerous synthetic routes have been developed by researchers, with a prime focus on green chemistry and cost-effective methods. This review paper highlights the various synthetic routes to prepare quinoxaline and its derivatives, covering the literature for the last two decades. A total of 31 schemes have been explained using the green chemistry approach, cost-effective methods, and quinoxaline derivatives' therapeutic uses.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>33670436</pmid><doi>10.3390/molecules26041055</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-625X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-02, Vol.26 (4), p.1055 |
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| source | Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central; Coronavirus Research Database |
| subjects | Alcohol Antiinfectives and antibacterials Antimicrobial agents Antiviral agents Antiviral Agents - chemical synthesis Antiviral Agents - chemistry Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use Biological activity biological applications Cancer Catalysis Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - drug therapy COVID-19 - epidemiology Disease transmission Ethanol Fungi Fungicides Green chemistry Heterocyclic compounds Humans Infectious diseases Medical research Mental disorders Organic chemistry Pandemics Plant cells Plant viruses Public health Quinoxaline Quinoxalines Quinoxalines - chemical synthesis Quinoxalines - chemistry Quinoxalines - therapeutic use Reagents Review SAR SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism Schizophrenia Solvents Viruses |
| title | Novel Synthetic Routes to Prepare Biologically Active Quinoxalines and Their Derivatives: A Synthetic Review for the Last Two Decades |
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