The IFIH1/MDA5 rs1990760 Gene Variant (946Thr) Differentiates Early- vs. Late-Onset Skin Disease and Increases the Risk of Arthritis in a Spanish Cohort of Psoriasis

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2023-10, Vol.24 (19), p.14803
• Main Authors: Coto-Segura, Pablo, Vázquez-Coto, Daniel, Velázquez-Cuervo, Lucinda, García-Lago, Claudia, Coto, Eliecer, Queiro, Rubén
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age groups; Amino acids; Arthritis; Autoimmune diseases; COVID-19; Diabetes; Genes; genetic association; IFIH1; Infections; Interferon; MDA5; polymorphism; Proteins; Psoriasis; psoriatic arthritis; Regression analysis; Skin diseases; Viral infections
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914803

The melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5; encoded by the IFIH1 gene) mediates the activation of the interferon pathway in response to a viral infection. This protein is also upregulated in autoimmune diseases and psoriasis skin lesions. IFIH1 gene variants that increase MDA5 activity have been associated with an increased risk for immune-mediated diseases, including psoriasis. Our aim is to determine the association between three IFIH1 variants (rs35337543 G/C, intron8 + 1; rs35744605 C/A, Glu627Stop; and rs1990760 C/T, Ala946Thr) and the main clinical findings in a cohort of Spanish patients with psoriasis (N = 572; 77% early-onset). Early-onset psoriasis patients (EOPs) had a significantly higher frequency of severe disease and the Cw6*0602 allele. Carriers of rs1990760 T (946Thr) were more common in the EOPs (p < 0.001), and the effect was more pronounced among Cw6*0602-negatives. This variant was also associated with an increased risk of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) independent from other factors (OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.11–2.37). The rs3533754 and rs35744605 polymorphisms did not show significant differences between the two onset age or PsA groups. Compared to the controls, the 946Thr variant was more common in the EOPs (nonsignificant difference) and significantly less common in patients aged >40 years (p = 0.005). In conclusion, the common IFIH1 rs1990760 T allele was significantly more frequent in early-onset compared to late-onset patients. This variant was also an independent risk factor for PsA in our cohort. Our study reinforces the widely reported role of the IFIH1 gene variants on psoriatic disease.