Redox Impact on Bacterial Macromolecule: A Promising Avenue for Discovery and Development of Novel Antibacterials

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has remained a serious public health concern, resulting in substantial deaths and morbidity each year. Factors such as mutation and abuse of currently available antibiotics have contributed to the bulk of the menace. Hence, the introduction and implementation of new...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-10, Vol.12 (11), p.1545
Main Authors: Aribisala, Jamiu Olaseni, Sabiu, Saheed
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibacterial agents
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
antioxidants
Bacteria
Bacteria, Pathogenic
bacterial lethality
Cell death
Chemical properties
Defense mechanisms
Drug discovery
Drug resistance
Fluoroquinolones
Health aspects
Hydrogen peroxide
Infections
Lethality
Lipids
Macromolecules
Microorganisms
Morbidity
Neutrophils
Oxidation-reduction reaction
Oxidative stress
Pathogens
Pharmaceutical research
Physiological aspects
Public health
Reactive oxygen species
Respiration
Review
β-Lactam antibiotics
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Summary:Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has remained a serious public health concern, resulting in substantial deaths and morbidity each year. Factors such as mutation and abuse of currently available antibiotics have contributed to the bulk of the menace. Hence, the introduction and implementation of new therapeutic strategies are imperative. Of these strategies, data supporting the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial lethality are intriguing, with several antimicrobials, including antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, β-lactams, and aminoglycosides, as well as natural plant compounds, being remarkably implicated. Following treatment with ROS-inducing antimicrobials, ROS such as O2•−, •OH, and H2O2 generated in bacteria, which the organism is unable to detoxify, damage cellular macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and results in cell death. Despite the unique mechanism of action of ROS-inducing antibacterials and significant studies on ROS-mediated means of bacterial killing, the field remains a topical one, with contradicting viewpoints that require frequent review. Here, we appraised the antibacterial agents (antibiotics, natural and synthetic compounds) implicated in ROS generation and the safety concerns associated with their usage. Further, background information on the sources and types of ROS in bacteria, the mechanism of bacterial lethality via oxidative stress, as well as viewpoints on the ROS hypothesis undermining and solidifying this concept are discussed.
ISSN:2218-273X
2218-273X
DOI:10.3390/biom12111545