Lateral Flow Assay for Hepatitis B Detection: A Review of Current and New Assays

From acute to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer, hepatitis B infection causes a broad spectrum of liver diseases. Molecular and serological tests have been used to diagnose hepatitis B-related illnesses. Due to technology limitations, it is challenging to identify hepatitis B i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Micromachines (Basel) 2023-06, Vol.14 (6), p.1239
Main Authors: Abu, Norhidayah, Mohd Bakhori, Noremylia, Shueb, Rafidah Hanim
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
accuracy
Analysis
Antibodies
Antigens
Assaying
Biomarkers
Cellulose esters
Cellulose nitrate
Chronic illnesses
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Enzymes
Genomes
Health aspects
Hepatitis B
hepatitis B virus
Immunoassay
Infection
Infections
lateral flow assay
Liver
Liver cancer
Liver cirrhosis
Membranes
molecular
Proteins
Qualitative analysis
Reagents
Review
serological
Serology
Viral antibodies
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Summary:From acute to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer, hepatitis B infection causes a broad spectrum of liver diseases. Molecular and serological tests have been used to diagnose hepatitis B-related illnesses. Due to technology limitations, it is challenging to identify hepatitis B infection cases at an early stage, particularly in a low- and middle-income country with constrained resources. Generally, the gold-standard methods to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requires dedicated personnel, bulky, expensive equipment and reagents, and long processing times which delay the diagnosis of HBV. Thus, lateral flow assay (LFA), which is inexpensive, straightforward, portable, and operates reliably, has dominated point-of-care diagnostics. LFA consists of four parts: a sample pad where samples are dropped; a conjugate pad where labeled tags and biomarker components are combined; a nitrocellulose membrane with test and control lines for target DNA-probe DNA hybridization or antigen-antibody interaction; and a wicking pad where waste is stored. By modifying the pre-treatment during the sample preparation process or enhancing the signal of the biomarker probes on the membrane pad, the accuracy of the LFA for qualitative and quantitative analysis can be improved. In this review, we assembled the most recent developments in LFA technologies for the progress of hepatitis B infection detection. Prospects for ongoing development in this area are also covered.
ISSN:2072-666X
2072-666X
DOI:10.3390/mi14061239