Ventilator-associated pneumonia agents in Brazilian Neonatal Intensive Care Units – a systematic review

• Published in: The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases 2018-07, Vol.22 (4), p.338-344
• Main Authors: Silva, André Ricardo Araujo da, Silva, Thais Carolina da, Bom, Gabriel José Teixeira, Vasconcelos, Raissa Maria Bastos, Junior, Robinson Simões
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ambulatory care; Brazil - epidemiology; Control; Cross infection; Cross Infection - epidemiology; Cross Infection - microbiology; Emergency medicine; Etiological agents; Humans; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Infection; INFECTIOUS DISEASES; Intensive care units; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal - statistics & numerical data; Long term care; Long term care facilities; Management; Newborn; Newborn infants; Pathogenic microorganisms; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated - epidemiology; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated - microbiology; Prevention; Publication Bias; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Review; Systematic reviews; Ventilator-associated pneumonia
• ISSN: 1413-8670; 1678-4391; 1678-4391
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2018.06.002

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We did a systematic review using PRISMA methodology to identify the main etiological agents in Brazilian NICUs. Eligible studies published without period restriction were identified in PUBMED, SCIELO, LILACS and DOAJ. Studies were included if they were conducted in neonates hospitalized at NICU. Studies done in outpatient care, neonates outside NICU, emergency department, primary care, long-term care facilities or a combination of these were excluded. We identified 6384 articles in the initial search and four papers met the inclusion criteria. In all studies included, rates of device-associated infections were described, including VAP rates. The VAP incidence density, in exclusively Brazilian NICU, ranged from 3.2 to 9.2 per 1000 ventilator-days. Pneumonia was described as the main HAI in NICU in one article, as the second type of HAI in two other articles and as the fourth type of HAI in the last one. The main pathogens causing all HAI types were described in three of four articles, but, none of the articles reported which pathogens were related or associated to VAP. Etiological agents causing VAP in Brazilian NICUs are, until the present time, not known.