The Role of Biomethane from Sewage Sludge in the Energy Transition: Potentials and Barriers in the Arab Gulf States Power Sector

The increasing energy and water demands by the Arab Gulf states highlight the importance of sustainable use of energy resources. Wastewater sludge management for energy recovery creates an opportunity for sector integration for both wastewater treatment plants and renewable energy production. The ob...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied sciences 2021-11, Vol.11 (21), p.10275
Main Authors: Alshawaf, Mohammad, Alsulaili, Abdalrahman, Alwaeli, Mohamed, Allanqawi, Huda
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alternative energy sources
anaerobic digestion
Biogas
Biomass
biomethane potential
Carbohydrates
Carbon dioxide
Chemical oxygen demand
Cost control
Crude oil
Desalination
Electricity
Emissions
Emissions control
Energy consumption
Energy industry
Energy policy
Energy recovery
Energy resources
Energy sources
energy transition
Fossil fuels
Gases
Greenhouse gases
Industrial plant emissions
Municipal solid waste
Natural gas
Renewable resources
Sewage sludge
Sludge
Solar power
Stoichiometry
Sustainable use
Waste management
waste-to-energy
Wastewater management
wastewater sludge
Wastewater treatment
Wastewater treatment plants
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Summary:The increasing energy and water demands by the Arab Gulf states highlight the importance of sustainable use of energy resources. Wastewater sludge management for energy recovery creates an opportunity for sector integration for both wastewater treatment plants and renewable energy production. The objective of this study was to theoretically estimate the biomethane potential of wastewater sludge, together with identification of the role of biomethane in the region. The prediction of biomethane potential was based on the theoretical stoichiometry of biomethanation reactions, using the R-based package ‘Process Biogas Data and Predict Biogas Production’. The biomethane potential of sludge ranges between 232–334 × 106 m3, with a total heat-value up to 10.7 trillion BTUs annually. The produced biomethane can generate up to 1665 GWh of electric energy, an equivalent amount to the current levels of electricity generation from wind and solar power combined. The findings from the case study on Kuwait’s indicate that biomethane could displace 13 × 106 m3 of natural gas, or approximately 86,000 barrels of crude oil, while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 86% when compared to the base-scenario. Despite its potential, biomethane recovery in the region is hindered by technical-, economic-, and policy-based barriers.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app112110275